棉铃虫成虫发生动态及其与气温和降水的相关性

2021-07-25 16:11:05李平
甘肃农业科技 2021年6期

李平

摘要:采用虫情测报灯诱集的方法,调查研究了2018 — 2020年甘肃省武威市凉州区玉米棉铃虫成虫发生动态及其与气候因子的相关性。结果表明,金武地区棉铃虫1 a发生2代和一个完整或不完整的第3代,2018 — 2020年平均月诱虫总量(y)与月气温总和(x)之间显著正相关,模型方程log10(y)=5.606 3×log10(x)-13.386,R2=0.796 2,F=15.6 > F0.05。

关键词:棉铃虫;种群动态;气温;降水

中图分类号:S435. 622     文献标志码:A      文章编号:1001-1463(2021)06-0011-04

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1001-1463.2021.06.004

Occurrence Dynamics of Adult Cotton Bollworm and Its

Correlation with Temperature and Precipitation

LI Ping

(Wuwei Agricultural and Technology Extension Center, Wuwei Gansu 733000, China)

Abstract:The population dynamics of adult cotton bollworm and its correlation with climate factors were systematically investigated in the Liangzhou District of Wuwei of Gansu Province from 2018 to 2020 by using the method of light trap. The results showed that there were two generations and a complete or incomplete third generation of cotton bollworm occurred every year in the Jinwu area. There was a significant positive correlation between the monthly trapping amount(y) and the monthly temperature amount(x) from 2018 to 2020. The model equation was log10(y)=5.606 3×log10(x)-13.386, R2=0.796 2, F=15.6 > F0.05 .

Key words:Cotton bollworm;Population dynamics;Temperature;Precipitation

甘肃武威是全国玉米制种基地之一。近年来,由于大量引种和栽培模式改变,棉铃虫逐渐成为玉米制种产业的主要害虫。棉铃虫属鳞翅目夜蛾科,环境适应力强,食性杂,寄主范围广泛,包括棉花、玉米、辣椒、番茄等30余科200余种植物;幼虫可以钻蛀取食玉米果、穗、茎、叶,除了造成直接产量损失外,还可以引起玉米穗腐病,其病原菌代谢产生的玉米赤霉烯酮和伏马毒素等有害物质对人畜具有强毒性和致癌作用。棉铃虫已对河西地区玉米产业和农户收益造成了严重威胁[1 - 3 ]。研究表明,近几年甘肃河西地区棉铃虫发生最严重并引起直接产量损失的是第2代棉铃虫,其中2代棉铃虫产卵期与玉米雌穗吐丝期相吻合,成虫多将卵散产于花丝端部,卵孵化后1龄幼虫先取食卵壳,数小时后即取食花丝。1龄末期钻蛀至雌穗顶部取食为害,至老熟幼虫时将玉米雌穗端部籽粒啃噬殆尽,从而造成直接的产量损失。调查发现,河西地区的棉铃虫为本地虫源,其发生规律与气候因素有关,棉铃虫种群发生数量与具体气候因子相关性有待研究[4 - 6 ]。笔者……

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