俞华林 杨继忠 郑彩霞 赵宝勰 师学豪



摘要:采用饱和D最优设计,在白银沿黄灌区试验分析了播期与密度对冬小麦产量的影响。结果表明,随着播期的推迟,小麦产量降低;在一定范围内,通过增加密度可以提高小麦成穗数,进而达到提高产量的目的。小麦产量在6 300 kg/hm2以上时,95%的置信区间播期为-0.855 9~0.054 7,密度为-0.275 4~0.672 8,相应的播期在9月17日至9月29日、密度为231.52~338.19 kg/hm2时增产效果为佳。
关键词:冬小麦;播期;密度;产量;饱和D最优设计
中图分类号:S512.1 文献标志码:A 文章编号:1001-1463(2021)06-0018-06
doi:10.3969/j.issn.1001-1463.2021.06.006
Effect of Sowing Date and Density on Winter Wheat Yield in
Baiyin Irrigation Area Along Yellow River
YU Hualin, YANG Jizhong, ZHENG Caixia, ZHAO Baoxie, SHI Xuehao
(Baiyin Institdue of Agricultural Sciences, Baiyin Gansu 730900, China)
Abstract:The effects of sowing date and density on winter wheat yield were analyzed by saturated D optimal design in Baiyin Irrigation Area Along Yellow River. The results showed that wheat yield decreased with the delay of sowing date. In a certain range, the number of panicles can be increased by increasing the density, and then the yield can be increased. When wheat yield was above 6 300 kg/hm2, the sowing date of 95% confidence interval was -0.855 9~0.054 7, and the density was -0.275 4~0.672 8. The corresponding sowing date was September 17 solstice on September 29, and the density was 231.52~338.19 kg/hm2, which yield increase effect was best.
Key words:Winter wheat;Sowing date;Density;Yield;Saturated D-optimal design
小麥作为我国的重要粮食作物之一,对保证国家粮食安全战略目标起着极为重要的作用[1 ],随着国家提出黄河流域生态保护与高质量发展的战略,白银沿黄灌区开始引种冬小麦,主要是由于冬小麦收获后复种蔬菜可以提高经济效益,且可增加冬春季节的覆盖度,防止水土流失和沙尘暴危害,具有良好的生态效益。播期和密度是影响小麦群体性状、农艺性状、产量和品质的重要因素[2 ]。同期播种的不同品种其适宜种植密度不同[3 ],但不同地区间播期和密度对产量构成因素的影响不同[4 - 5 ],种植密度过高或过低均会影响小麦的产量和品质[6 ]。近年来随着全球气候变暖,不同地区的生态环境均有不同程度的改变,有关白银沿黄灌区冬小麦适宜播种时间和种植密度尚不确定。我们采用两因素二项饱和D最优试验设计,研究不同播期和种植密度对冬小麦产量极其构成的影响,旨在为确定白银沿黄灌区冬小麦适宜的播期和密度,加快冬小麦在白银沿黄灌区的推广及冬小麦高产优质栽培提供参考。……