红笋叶与玉米秸秆混贮工艺条件优化

魏万爱 保青泰 吴海鸿 张长龙

摘要：采用L9（34）正交试验设计，研究红笋叶与玉米秸秆混合配比、乳酸菌剂添加量和纤维素酶添加量等3个因素对青贮饲料感官性状及发酵品质的影响。结果表明，红笋叶与玉米秸秆混合配比、乳酸菌剂添加量及纤维素酶添加量均对结果影响显著，影响顺序由大到小依次为物料配比、纤维素酶添加量、乳酸菌剂添加量。经综合评价，红笋叶与玉米秸秆混贮的最优工艺条件为红笋叶与玉米秸秆以质量比6∶4配合、乳酸菌剂添加量为20 mg/kg、纤维素酶添加量为1 mg/kg。

关键词：红笋叶;玉米秸秆;混贮;正交试验

中图分类号：S816.7       文献标志码：A        文章编号：1001-1463（2021）06-0048-05

doi：10.3969/j.issn.1001-1463.2021.06.012

Process Conditions Optimization for Mixed Ensilage of Red Shoot Leaf and Corn Stalk

WEI Wanai 1， BAO Qingtai 2， WU Haihong 3， ZHANG Changlong 4

（1. Academy of Agricultural and Forestry， Lanzhou Modern Vocational College， Lanzhou Gansu 730200， China; 2. Lanzhou Agricultural Science and Technology Research Extension Center， Lanzhou Gansu 730000， China; 3. Lanzhou Agricultural Information Center， Lanzhou Gansu 730000， China; 4. Chunsheng Farmers Professional Cooperative of Yongdeng， Lanzhou Gansu 730020， China）

Abstract：This experiment adopted L9（34） orthogonal design， the effects of the mixed ratio of red bamboo shoot leaves and corn stalk， the addition amount of lactic acid bacteria and cellulase on the sensory properties and fermentation quality of silage were studied. The results showed that the mixing ratio of red shoot leaves 、corn stalk and the addition amount of lactic acid bacteria and the addition amount of cellulase had significant effects on the results， the influence order is： material ratio， cellulase dosage， lactic acid bacteria dosage. According to the comprehensive evaluation， the optimal process conditions were as follows： red bamboo shoots and corn stalks were mixed at a mass ratio of 6∶4，  the addition amount of lactic acid bacteria was 20 mg/kg， and the addition amount of cellulase was 1 mg/kg.

Key words：Red shoot leaf;Corn stalk;Mixed ensilage;Orthogonal test

红笋近年来作为甘肃高海拔地区引进的新兴蔬菜品种，在河西地区的天祝县、永昌县和山丹县等大面积种植，给当地农民带来了可观的经济收入。但调查发现，由于人们的饮食习惯，红笋采收后占整个植株20%的叶子被遗弃，造成了资源的浪费和环境的污染，红笋叶的资源化利用凸显重要。Yang 等[1 ]研究发现，将农作物秸秆与蔬菜废弃物混合青贮，可在物理结构、养分及水分等方面形成互補作用，从而实现两者的综合利用。任海伟等[2 ]发现甲酸可以促进干玉米秸秆和莴笋叶（质量比11∶27）的发酵，发酵品质达到了良好等级。杨道兰等[3 ]将花椰菜茎叶与玉米秸秆以质量比7∶3混贮，可以显著提高青贮饲料的营养成分和发酵品质。青贮添加剂可促进青贮发酵的进程，改善青贮品质及提高饲料养分[4 - 7 ]。任海伟 等[2 ]研究了甲酸、德氏乳杆菌、甲酸与德氏乳杆菌复合对莴笋与玉米秸秆混贮品质的影响，但关于红笋叶与玉米秸秆混贮的工艺条件还未相关报道。……