不同改良剂对连作大黄产量及其土壤肥力的影响

2021-08-02 19:50:35段媛媛吴佳奇周武先唐涛王帆帆郭晓亮游景茂郭杰
南方农业学报 2021年3期
关键词:产量

段媛媛 吴佳奇 周武先 唐涛 王帆帆 郭晓亮 游景茂 郭杰

摘要:【目的】探究不同改良劑对连作大黄产量及其土壤肥力的影响,为消减大黄的连作障碍及促进大黄产业的健康可持续发展提供理论依据。【方法】选择有机肥、钙镁磷肥和生石灰作为土壤改良剂,以不施用改良剂为对照,对不同处理连作大黄产量及其根际土壤pH、养分含量和生态化学计量特征进行分析,并利用主成分分析法对不同处理连作大黄的土壤肥力进行评价。【结果】施用3种改良剂均可提高连作大黄的产量,其中有机肥和钙镁磷肥处理较对照分别提高75.37%和42.62%,差异达显著水平(P<0.05,下同)。有机肥和生石灰处理显著提高连作大黄的土壤pH,较对照分别提高9.13%和7.34%。有机肥和钙镁磷肥处理显著提高土壤养分含量,其中,土壤有机质、全氮、碱解氮、全磷和速效磷含量分别较对照提高7.45%、8.40%、15.93%、8.27%、31.05%和11.22%、7.56%、15.01%、14.22%、38.46%。与对照相比,生石灰处理的土壤全磷和速效磷含量分别显著提高8.10%和8.83%。3种改良剂处理后连作大黄土壤的C∶N、C∶P、N∶P、C∶K、N∶K和P∶K的变化范围分别为7.77~8.11、14.35~15.62、1.88~2.00、1.26~1.42、0.16~0.18和0.08~0.09。主成分分析表明,不同改良剂处理下,连作大黄土壤肥力综合指数排序依次为钙镁磷肥(1.36)>有机肥(1.19)>生石灰(-0.99)>对照(-1.56)。【结论】3种改良剂对连作大黄增产均有一定的促进作用,也能有效改善连作大黄的根际土壤理化性质,对连作大黄土壤的改良效果依次为钙镁磷肥>有机肥>生石灰。

关键词: 改良剂;大黄;产量;土壤肥力

中图分类号: S156.2                            文献标志码: A 文章编号:2095-1191(2021)03-0753-09

Effects of different amendments on the yield of Rheum officinale Baill. and rhizospheric soil fertility under continuous

cropping system

DUAN Yuan-yuan, WU Jia-qi, ZHOU Wu-xian, TANG Tao, WANG Fan-fan,

GUO Xiao-liang, YOU Jing-mao, GUO Jie*

(Institute of Chinese Herbal Medicines, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Enshi, Hubei  445000, China)

Abstract:【Objective】The aim of this study was to learn the effects of different amendments on the yield of Rheum officinale Baill. and rhizospheric soil fertility. The results would provide a scientific basis for promoting the healthy deve-lopment of the R.officinale industry. 【Method】Organic matter(OM),calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer(CMP)and quicklime(QL) were as amendments, and control(CK) applied no amendments. R.officinale yield and rhizospheric soil pH, nutrient content and ecological stoichiometric characteristics of different treatments were analyzed, the principal component analysis(PCA)was used to evaluate the rhizospheric soil fertility of R. officinale under continuous cropping. 【Result】Application of all three amendments could increase the yield of continuous cropping R. officinale. The OM and CMP treatments significantly increased the yield of R. officinale by 75.37% and 42.62%,respectively,compared with the CK(P<0.05, the same below). The OM and QL treatments significantly increased the soil pH by 9.13% and 7.34% compared with the CK. Moreover,OM and CMP treatments significantly increased the rhizospheric soil nutrient contents, among them, organic matter,total nitrogen,alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen,total phosphorus and available phosphorus contents increased by 7.45%,8.40%,15.93%,8.27%,31.05% and 11.22%,7.56%,15.01%,14.22%,38.46%,respectively,compared with the CK. The total phosphorus and available phosphorus contents under QL treatment were increased by  8.10% and 8.83%,respectively,compared with the CK. The C∶N,C∶P,N∶P,C∶K,N∶K and P∶K ratios of R. officinale rhizosphere soil were 7.77-8.11,14.35-15.62,1.88-2.00,1.26-1.42,0.16-0.18 and 0.08-0.09 under different amendment treatments. The PCA results showed that the ordination of integrated soil fertility index under different amendment treatments followed the order of CMP (1.36)>OM (1.19)>QL (-0.99)>CK(-1.56). 【Conclusion】Three amendments have certain yield promotion effect on the continuous cropping of R. officinale, and can effectively improve its physicochemical properties of the rhizosphere soil. And the promotion effects of the three amendments follow the order of CMP>OM>QL.

Key words: amendment; Rheum officinale Baill.; yield; soil fertility

Foundation item: National Modern Agricultural Industrial Technology System Construction Program(CARS-21); Science Fund for Young Scholars of Hubei Academy of Agricultural Science(2019NKYJJ14)

0 引言

【研究意义】药用大黄(Rheum officinale Baill.)为蓼科(Polygonaceae)大黄属(Rheum)多年生草本植物(中国科学院中国植物志编辑委员会,1993),具有清热泻火,凉血解毒等功效(国家药典委员会,2020)。长期连作会引起土壤酸化,导致养分失衡,从而抑制作物对养分的吸收利用,降低作物的产量及品质(李小萌等,2020;周武先等,2021)。研究表明,党参、半夏、三七等中药材均存在严重的连作障碍(何志贵等,2019;刘海娇等,2020;周武先等,2021)。大黄在栽培过程中的土壤连作障碍问题也日益突出,严重影响了大黄产业的发展。因此,采取措施消减大黄的连作障碍,提高其产量和品质,是大黄产业健康发展亟待解决的问题。【前人研究进展】……

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