中职学校“行动重构”专业技能学分制探索与实践 ——以重庆渝中职教中心汽修专业为例

朱喜祥

摘 要：学分制是一种现代教学管理制度，以选课为核心，教师指导为辅助，通过绩点和学分，衡量学生学习质和量。近年来，各中职学校对学分制管理进行了诸多探索，获取了一些经验，但仍然存在学分认定不规范，成果的追溯、查询、转换有障碍，学分课程不成体系等问题。笔者提出“行动重构”专业技能学分制，不是以学科课程为单元进行学分考核，而是将各门课程根据行动需要进行重构，分解成项目任务细化学分，各项目学分相加为项目总学分，汇总加分项，形成学期行动学分。即由传统的“学科-课程-课时”重构为“行动-项目-任务”，从而实现学分考核。

关键词：行动重构 专业技能 学分制

Exploration and Practice of “Action Reconstruction” Professional Skills Credit System in Secondary Vocational Schools

——Taking Chongqing Yuzhong Vocational Education Center Auto Repair Specialty as an example

Zhu Xixiang

Abstract：The credit system is a modern teaching management system. It takes course selection as the core and teacher guidance as the assistance. It measures the quality and quantity of students' learning through grade points and credits. In recent years， vocational schools have conducted many explorations on the management of the credit system and gained some experience， but there are still problems such as irregular credit recognition， obstacles in the traceability， inquiry， and conversion of results， and the lack of a system of credit courses. The article proposes the "reconstruction of action" professional skills credit system， instead of using subject courses as units for credit assessment. Each course is reconstructed according to the needs of the action， and is broken down into project tasks and detailed chemical points， and the credits of each project are added together as a project total credit. The article sums up the extra points， and forms semester action credits. That is， the traditional "discipline-course-class hours" is reconstructed into "action-project-task"， to realize the credit assessment.

Key words：action reconstruction， professional skills， credit system

學分制是把规定的毕业最低总学分作为衡量学生学习量和毕业标准的一种教学管理制度。实行学分制，规定各类课程的比例，确定每门课程的学分，以及准予毕业的最低总学分。近年来，中职学校开始探索学分制管理，但仍然存在着学分认定不规范，成果追溯、查询、转换有障碍，学分课程不成体系等问题。2017年开始，我校根据行动理论和重构理论相关成果，在汽修专业部率先进行“行动重构”专业技能学分制探索与实践，取得了重要成果与显著成效。

1 “行动重构”专业技能学分制的内涵

“专业技能学分制”是把汽修专业学生需要学习达到的各项专业技能任务明确，以学分制的形式呈现实施，让学生可以自主选择专业技能项目，在一定时间内达到规定的技能学分，就可以获得相应专业学科的成绩。……