保护地西瓜嫁接砧木筛选试验研究

于美荣 焦定量

摘    要：为筛选嫁接亲合力好、成活率高、抗逆性好、抗病性强的西瓜嫁接砧木，以自主选育的43个南瓜杂交种（F1）TXJ-1～43作为西瓜砧木，中早熟甜王类型西瓜‘天王一号作为供试品种，开展田间试验，测定了嫁接苗的成活率、抗病性、产量及糖分指标。结果表明，不同南瓜砧木的西瓜嫁接苗表现存在较大的差异，43种砧木中以TXJ-32嫁接西瓜的综合效果较好，其成活率100%、嫁接亲和力好、枯萎病发病率0、总产量较高（53.6 kg）、中心糖11.7°、边糖9.7°且空心率0，可推荐作为西瓜嫁接砧木，在天津地区保护地西瓜生产中进行示范应用。本试验结果可为西瓜嫁接技术生产应用提供参考。

关键词：保护地;西瓜;嫁接;砧木

中图分类号：S651         文献标识码：A        DOI 编码：10.3969/j.issn.1006-6500.2021.06.006

Experimental Study on Screening Rootstocks for Grafting Watermelons in Protected Field

YU Meirong1， JIAO Dingliang2

（1.Tianjin Agricultural Development Service Center， Tianjin 300061， China; 2.Vegetable Research Institute， Tianjin Academy of Agricultural Sciences， Tianjin 300384， China）

Abstract：  To screen the grafted watermelon rootstocks with good grafting affinity， high survival rate， good stress resistance and strong disease resistance， the experiment was conducted in the protected field in Wuqing District， Tianjin， the 43 self-selected pumpkin hybrids（F1） including TXJ-1-43 were as watermelon rootstocks， and the precocious and medium mature sweet watermelon-' Tianwang NO.1' was as the test variety， the indexes of survival rate， disease resistance， yield， and sugar content were measured and analyzed. The results showed that the performance of watermelon grafted seedlings with different pumpkin rootstocks had obviously difference. Among the 43 pumpkin rootstocks， the performance of TXJ-32 were better than the others， which had the higher survival rate of 100%， better grafting affinity， lower blight incidence of 0， higher yield of 53.6 kg， higher center sugar content of 11.7°， higher side sugar content of 9.7°， and lower hollow rate of 0. Thus， TXJ-32 could be recommended as a grafting rootstock for watermelon production in the protected area of Tianjin. The results of this experiment could provide reference for the production and application of watermelon grafting technology.

Key words： protected field; watermelon; grafting; rootstock

西瓜堪稱“盛夏之王”，不仅是带动农民就业增收的高效园艺作物，也是满足城乡居民生活需求的重要时令水果。近年来，由于保护地西瓜上市早、价格高、效益好，天津保护地西瓜发展较快，已成为瓜农增收的一项有效措施，但常年连作极易造成连作障碍，从而影响西瓜产量和品质。据报道，西瓜栽培重茬会导致土壤中部分有害生物大量累积，病害发生严重[1]，重茬栽培模式下的西瓜基地土传病害发生率高达30%以上[2]，尤其是作为目前最严重的土传真菌性病害之一的西瓜枯萎病大面积发生，严重时可导致减产10%以上[3]。为克服重茬对西瓜生长带来的影响，嫁接栽培技术在生产上广泛应用，对西瓜生产起到了很好的促进作用。诸多研究表明，西瓜嫁接增强了植株的生长势、株高、茎粗等，促进西瓜植株生长，各性状指标均显著高于自根苗，能不同程度地提高西瓜产量和抗病性[3-4]，如抗枯萎病能力得到明显增强[5]。……