丹霞地貌定义的认知路线图

李永春 胡春元 李志强 王少华

摘 要：2009年第7届国际地貌学大会上，由大会主席提议，国际地貌学家协会批准设立“IAG丹霞地貌工作组”。2010年第34届世界遗产大会“中国丹霞”成功申遗。这两大事件标志着中国土生土长的丹霞地貌走向了世界，登上了国际学术舞台。但是，丹霞地貌提出的原定义缺乏专业规范的科学表述，产生了不应有的认知误区，引起了后期丹霞地貌研究的诸多争议与国际地貌学界无法进行全球对比交流等弊端。文章梳理了丹霞地貌定义的专业缺陷、容易产生误解的术语及误区，运用科学抽象方法与认知路线图，对原定义去伪存真，遵循“分离—提纯—简化”的程序提取了丹霞地貌的本质特征和规律，提出了适用于全球对比的丹霞地貌科学定义：以流水侵蚀为主，并在重力崩塌、风化、溶蚀等外营力综合作用下，形成的以陡崖坡为坡面特征的红层地貌。

关键词：丹霞地貌;定义;认识误区;科学抽象;认知路线图

中图分类号：P5; P91; N04  文献标识码：A  DOI：10.12339/j.issn.1673-8578.2021.03.002

Abstract： At the 7th International Geomorphology Congress in 2009， IAG Danxia geomorphology working group was proposed by the president of the Congress and approved by the International Association of Geomorphologists. In 2010， the 34th World Heritage Conference “China Danxia” successfully applied for the world heritage. These two events marked that Chinas native Danxia landform went to the world and stepped on the international academic stage. However， the original definition of Danxia landform is lack of professional and normative scientific expression， which leads to improper cognitive misunderstanding， and leads to many disputes in the later study of Danxia landform and the inability of global comparison and exchange. Based on analyzing the professional defects of the definition of Danxia landform and the expression terms easy to be misunderstood， removing the false from the original definition by using the scientific abstract method and cognitive roadmap， extracting the essential characteristics and rules of Danxia landform by the procedure of “separation purification brevity”， we put forward a scientific definition of Danxia landform that is suitable for global comparison： water erosion is the main factor， while water erosion is the main factor under the combined action of external forces such as collapse， weathering and dissolution， the red bed landform is characterized by the combination of steep slopes.

Keywords： Danxia landform; definition; cognitive misunderstanding; scientific abstraction; roadmap

收稿日期：2021-03-04  修回日期：2021-04-28

1 导言

1.1 丹霞地貌定义沿革

1928年，地质学家冯景兰在《广东曲江仁化始兴南雄地质矿产》一文中以地质学的命名规范提出了“丹霞层”后，地质构造学家陈国达将其引入地形学，称为“丹霞山地形”[1]。1977年，地貌学家曾昭璇第一次把“丹霞地貌”作為地貌学术语使用[2]。1982年，地理学家黄进发表了《丹霞地貌坡面发育的一种基本方式》[3]，这是中国论述丹霞地貌的第一篇论文。丹霞地貌作为一种我国常见、国人喜见的旅游资源，得到了社会各界越来越多的关注[4-5]。……