王贵平 夏伟 薛晓敏 陈汝 韩雪平 王金政



摘要 在新红将军和寒富苹果的近成熟期,研究不同采摘时间对果实品质的影响。结果表明,随采收期的推迟,新红将军单果重、着色指数逐渐增加,果形指数和可溶性固形物含量先增加后降低,光洁度和硬度逐渐降低;随采收期的推迟,寒富单果重逐渐提高,果形指数、着色指数及可溶性固形物含量先升高后降低,光洁度指数、硬度逐渐降低,综合各项指标认为,鲁中地区新红将军苹果的适宜采收期为9月30日,寒富苹果的适宜采收期为10月10日。
关键词 新红将军;寒富;采收期;色度;品质
中图分类号 S661.1 文献标识码 A 文章编号 0517-6611(2021)13-0041-03
doi:10.3969/j.issn.0517-6611.2021.13.011
开放科学(资源服务)标识码(OSID):
Analysis on Fruit Quality Difference of New Red General and Hanfu Apple at Different Harvest Times
WANG Gui ping1, XIA Wei2,XUE Xiao min1 et al
(1. Shandong Institute of Pomology,Taian,Shandong 271000;2. Agricultural Technology Extension Service Center of Yinan County,Yinan,Shandong 276300 )
Abstract The effects of different picking times on fruit quality of new red general apple and Hanfu apples were studied in the near mature stage. The results showed that with the delay of harvest time, the single fruit weight and color index of new red general apple increased gradually, the fruit shape index and soluble solid content increased first and then decreased, and the smoothness and hardness decreased gradually. The suitable harvest time of new red general apple was September 30; with the delay of harvest time, the single fruit weight of Hanfu gradually increased, the fruit shape index, coloring index and soluble solid shape were increased The results showed that the suitable harvest time of Hanfu apple in central Shandong was October 10.
Key words New red general;Hanfu;Harvest time;Chroma;Quality
果实采收关系到苹果产量、品质及贮藏效果[1-3]。提前采收,果实营养物质积累不够,口感偏差,易失水,易发生病害且产量不高。延迟采收,果实果肉组织松散发软,易腐烂,耐贮性差,同时也影响来年的花芽质量、果实品质和产量。
苹果实际生产中,果农往往不能适时采收,原因之一是果农不能确定最佳采收期,大多凭主观经验判断采收期或从众心理进行采收。新红将军和寒富苹果是近年来种植较为广泛的中熟品种,山东产区多有种植,有关2个品种的栽培技术和品种介绍很多[4-9],何时采收和最佳品质如何的研究鲜见报道。
笔者研究了近成熟期不同时间新红将军及寒富苹果果实品质特征,以期为2个苹果品种的采收期和果实品质最优期提供理论依据,以供苹果生产者参考。……