蟠桃胚培苗的移栽技术及影响因子研究

杜纪红 吴丹丹 苏明申 周慧娟 李雄伟 张夏南 叶正文

摘要 为探索影响胚培苗移栽成活率的因子，对蟠桃胚培苗的移栽苗龄、移栽基质、肥料、叶面喷施的药剂种类等进行研究。结果表明，苗龄10 d的幼苗移栽后成活率最高为86.7%，随着移栽时间的推迟，移栽苗的长势和成活率降低。阳光3号混合泥炭∶珍珠岩=2∶1、椰糠∶蛭石∶珍珠岩=1∶1∶1、草炭∶蛭石∶珍珠岩=1∶1∶1这3种基质配比对胚培苗移栽后的株高、株粗和成活率影响不显著，均可作为胚培苗的移栽基质。移栽后浇灌花多多水溶肥能够显著提高株高、株粗及叶片叶绿素含量，壮苗效果明显。叶面喷施200 mg/L GA3（赤霉素）处理的幼苗株高是对照的2倍，但会降低叶片叶绿素含量; 200 mg/L IAA、 200 mg/L 6-BA、多效唑、尿素处理对幼苗生长的影响较小，因此叶面喷施GA3是促進幼苗生长的有效药剂。初步探索出一套高效实用的蟠桃挽救苗配套移栽技术。

关键词 胚培苗;苗龄;基质;肥料;药剂处理

中图分类号 S662.1  文献标识码 A

文章编号 0517-6611（2021）13-0048-03

doi：10.3969/j.issn.0517-6611.2021.13.013

开放科学（资源服务）标识码（OSID）：

Study on Transplanting Techniques and Influencing Factors of Cuvette Plantlets of Flat Peach

DU Ji hong，WU Dan dan，SU Ming shen et al

（Forest and Fruit Tree Research Institute， Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences， Shanghai 201403）

Abstract In order to explore the factors affecting the survival rate of in vitro seedlings， the seedling age， matrix， fertilizer and the kinds of medicines sprayed on the leaves of embryo rescued test tube seedlings of flat peach were discussed. The results showed that the highest survival rate was 86.7% after transplantation of seedlings aged 10 days. With the delay of transplanting time， the growth and survival rate of transplanted seedlings decreased.  Peat （containing vermiculite）： perlite = 2：1， coconut chaff： vermiculite： perlite = 1：1：1; peat： vermiculite： perlite=1∶1∶1，plant height， plant diameter and survival rate after transplantation of test tube seedlings had no significant difference， which could be used as the transplantation matrix of test tube seedlings. After transplanting， watering more water soluble fertilizer could significantly improve plant height， plant diameter and chlorophyll content of leaves， and the effect of strong seedlings was obvious.After spraying different reagents on the leaves， it was found that the plant height of the seedlings treated with GA3 （gibberellin） was twice as high as that of the control， but the chlorophyll content of the leaves decreased; IAA （auxin） inhibited the growth of the seedlings and even caused death; 6-BA （6 benzylaminopurine， cytokinin） treatment had no effect on the plant height， but could promote the germination of lateral branches of the seedlings;paclobutrazol treatment inhibited the growth of the seedlings;the content of chlorophyll in leaves was increased， but the effect on the growth of seedlings was slight. Therefore， spraying GA3 on the leaves was an effective drug to promote the growth of seedlings. Through the study， a set of efficient and practical transplanting techniques for rescuing flat peach seedlings were preliminarily explored.

Key words Plantlet;Seedling age;Stroma;Fertilizer;Medicament treatment

胚培苗的移栽和管理是胚挽救技术的关键环节之一，能否为育种工作提供种质资源和育种材料关键在于胚培苗能否在田间成活[1]。胚培苗由于长期在营养丰富、水分充足、弱光、恒温的环境下生长，其生理特性和组织结构与大气环境下生长的植株有很大区别，胚培苗叶片偏薄，栅栏组织稀薄，气孔发育不完善，根系活力低。在炼苗移栽过程中极易出现失水萎蔫的现象，导致移栽成活率低，只有提供适宜的外界条件，使其逐步适应环境变化，才能提高移栽成活率[2-5]。……