水产养殖生物脱氮领域研究的知识图谱可视化分析

司圆圆 张卓婷 陈兴汉 余祥勇

摘要 生物脱氮是一种经典的水处理技术，目前已在水产养殖废水处理中广泛应用。以Web of Science和CNKI为数据源，聚焦研究热点和前沿，利用CiteSpace软件对近30年水产养殖生物脱氮领域的研究现状进行知识图谱分析，解析了国内外研究的特点和规律，预测了发展趋势。多视角对比分析结果表明，水产养殖生物脱氮研究领域发展的多样性和深广度在不断增加，好氧反硝化技术脱氮效果好、适用范围广，已成为新的发展方向，具有潜在的应用前景。

关键词 生物脱氮;CiteSpace;可视化分析;知识图谱

中图分类号 X-703.1  文献标识码 A  文章编号 0517-6611（2021）13-0236-05

doi：10.3969/j.issn.0517-6611.2021.13.060

开放科学（资源服务）标识码（OSID）：

Visual Analysis of Knowledge Map of Research on Biological Nitrogen Removal in Aquaculture

SI Yuan yuan， ZHANG Zhuo ting， CHEN Xing han et al

（Yangjiang Polytechnic， Yangjiang， Guangdong 529500）

Abstract As a classical water treatment technology， biological identification had been widely used in aquaculture wastewater treatment. With Web of Science and CNKI as data sources and focusing on research hotspots and frontiers， CiteSpace software was used to conduct knowledge map analysis of the current research status in the field of biological nitrogen removal in aquaculture in the past 30 years. The characteristics and laws of domestic and foreign researches were analyzed， and the development trend was predicted.The results of the comparative analysis from multiple perspectives showed that the diversity and breadth of the development in the field of biological identification in aquaculture were increasing. Aerobic identification technology had good effect and wide application range， which had become a new development direction and had potential application prospects.

Key words Biological removal of nitrogen;CiteSpace;Visual analysis;Knowledge mapping

水產养殖中，氮素含量过高会引发水质问题，造成水产动物病害加剧乃至死亡。目前循环水养殖净水系统多为硝化装置，仅能将氨氮和亚硝酸盐氮转化为硝酸盐氮，氮素仍然存在水体中。虽然硝酸盐氮也会对水生动物造成不利的影响，但因传统反硝化多为厌氧（缺氧）环境，因此限制了反硝化反应器在水产养殖中的应用，好氧反硝化的出现可以解决此类问题。部分好氧反硝化菌株可以将氮素转化为气态氮，从水环境中彻底脱除，但产物中氧化亚氮比重过大也易引发温室效应，限制其应用。当前影响生物脱氮效果的主要有2个方面，一是菌株，二是反应器。因此，筛选高效脱氮的好氧反硝化菌株，并构建适宜生物反应器对养殖系统进行脱氮具有现实意义。

目前，生物脱氮是最经济有效的处理手段，其研究的热点主要集中在厌氧氨氧化[1-2]、短程硝化反硝化[3]及一步式硝化[4-5]。……