公转铁货物运输结构调整给铁路带来的机遇与挑战

常小倩

【摘  要】“公转铁”是铁路运输的一次巨大的机遇和挑战，是我国当前交通发展的重要战略。高质量实施这一战略需要解决一系列复杂的交通组织优化问题。首先，论文分析了公路和铁路货流转移与铁路交通流组织之间的关系和相互作用机制。在此基础上，以最小化公路和铁路网合流成本为目标，构建了公路铁路货流换乘与铁路车辆流道联合优化模型。在政策的引导下，由外而内促进铁路货运自身机构调整，从而形成高效、环保、超大规模的运输体制，再由内而外拉动国内大宗货物运输与城市物流集散，减少成本，形成绿色环保的铁路供应链体系。

【Abstract】"Transforming from highway to railway" is a great opportunity and challenge of railway transportation， and it is an important strategy of transportation development in China at present. The high quality implementation of this strategy needs to solve a series of complex traffic organization optimization problems. Firstly， the paper analyzes the relationship and interaction mechanism between freight flow transfer of highway and railway and railway traffic flow organization. On this basis， with the objective of minimizing the combined cost of highway and railway network， the combined optimization model of freight transfer from highway to railway and railway vehicle flow is constructed. Under the guidance of the policy， it promotes the institutional adjustment of railway freight transportation from the outside to the inside， so as to form an efficient， environmentally friendly and super-large scale transportation system， and then it promotes the domestic bulk cargo transportation and urban logistics distribution from the inside to the outside， so as to reduce costs and form a green and environmentally friendly railway supply chain system.

【關键词】货物运输结构优化;公转铁;信息技术;移动仓库

【Keywords】structure optimization of freight transport; transform from highway to railway; information technology; mobile warehouse

【中图分类号】U294                                             【文献标志码】A                                                 【文章编号】1673-1069（2021）06-0120-02

1 研究背景

1.1 公路、铁路货运市场现状

长期以来，铁路运输以其运量大、覆盖范围广、受气候因素影响小等特点一度占据大宗货物运输的主导地位，但是其灵活性较公路运输低，公路物流的信息化程度、方便程度、整体服务等方面都要比铁路有优势。铁路1000km以上的长途集装箱班列运输[1]本应是铁路运输的优势所在，但是由于跨距运输等导致价格不低、空车周转不及时等现象，造成公路占据“上风”，公路汽运配货灵活，捎脚运输等可以减少空车走行，提高公路运输的竞价能力。因此，一部分大宗货物的运输市场被公路占据，并且建立了长期合作关系，“海公”联运明显高于“海铁”联运。

1.2 关于《推进运……