基于BCM控制的汽车灯光系统原理分析与故障诊断

魏秋兰

摘 要：汽车灯光系统关系行车安全，传统灯光控制逐渐淘汰，BCM控制的灯光系统具有成本低、功能多、可靠性高等优点被广泛应用，针对基于BCM控制的汽车灯光系统故障诊断相对复杂的问题，对BCM的控制功能和灯光控制原理进行了分析，对新型灯光系统的故障诊断思路和方法进行了归纳;通过故障诊断仪VAS6150和示波器VAS6356结合检测了大众迈腾B8L车型前照灯异常点亮和该亮不亮的故障，以此说明BCM控制的灯光开关线路和灯线路故障测量方法和思路，对快速诊断灯光系统故障具有重要意义。

关键词：BCM;汽车;灯光;故障诊断

中图分类号：U472 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1001-5922（2021）06-0174-04

Abstract：Automobile lighting system is related to driving safety， and traditional lighting control is gradually eliminated. BCM controlled lighting system has the advantages of low cost， multiple functions and high reliability， which are widely used. In view of relatively complicated problem of fault diagnosis of automobile lighting system based on BCM control， the control function and principle of lighting control of BCM are analyzed， and the fault diagnosis ideas and methods of the new lighting system are summarized; through the fault diagnosis instrument VAS6150 and the oscilloscope VAS6356 were used to detect the abnormal lighting of the headlights of the Volkswagen Magotan B8L model and the faults that should not be on， so as to explain the light switch circuit and the light circuit fault measurement method and thinking of the BCM control， which is of great significance to the rapid diagnosis of the lighting system.

Key words：BCM; automotive; lighting; fault diagnosis

0 引言

随着科技发展，人们对汽车操控性、舒适性以及安全性要求的越来越高。而传统的汽车灯光系统多采用两级开关或三级开关串联的方式对灯光进行控制，原理简单、技术落后，已远不能满足人们对汽车灯光技术的要求[1]。基于车身控制模块BCM（Body Control Module）控制的车灯系统既可以智能化控制汽车灯光又可自动检查灯光线路故障;根据驾驶工况不同，自动切换远近光灯，自动控制前大灯照射距离、角度和光形，从而减轻驾驶员负担和降低因驾驶员大意导致的危险驾驶行为，已成为现代汽车的标配[2-5]。BCM控制的车灯系统故障诊断较复杂，本文从控制原理角度出发，对其故障诊断思路加以阐述，以提高故障诊断效率。

1 BCM概述

车身控制模块BCM是高度集成的芯片，集成了传统的车载电源控制单元、舒适系统控制单元和网关功能。……