灌溉猪场沼液对早稻化肥减量效果的影响

张明来 江丽芳 许长远 孔晓芬 梁永英

摘  要：目的 探討早稻灌溉猪沼液条件下，化肥减量对稻田土壤肥力、水稻产量和经济效益的影响。方法 采用随机区组试验，设置4种施肥处理（A1～A4），以A4常规施肥为对照（CK），A1、A2和A3处理施肥量分别为 CK 施肥量的70%，沼液施用量分别为675 t/hm2、450 t/hm2和225 t/hm2。结果 稻田灌溉沼液A1～A3处理土壤有机质、全氮、全磷、全钾含量比试验前均略有提高，pH值有较大幅度提高。处理A1后劲足肥力较为持久，略有贪青披叶，熟期比CK推迟3 d。A2产量最高比CK提高2.3%;A3第三比CK减产2.3%;A1最低比CK减产3.2%，经方差分析，A1～A3与对照CK之间产量差异不显著。结论 就该试验条件下，早稻每公顷灌溉225～675 t沼液可适量减少化肥施用量，维持早稻产量不减产，以灌溉沼液450 t/hm2减施化肥30%产量和效益表现最佳;灌溉沼液后若化肥施用量减量不足，反而因过量施肥导致早稻产量减产。

关键词：猪沼液  早稻  化肥减量  效果  产量  经济效益

中图分类号：S3                               文献标识码：A文章编号：1672-3791（2021）04（c）-0011-07

Effect of Biogas Slurry Irrigation on Fertilizer Reduction of Early Rice

ZHANG Minglai1   JIANG Lifang2  XU Changyuan3  KONG Xiaofen4  LIANG Yongying5

（1.Soil and Fertilizer Technology Station of Shanghang County， Longyan， Fujian Province， 364200  China; 2. Longyan Institute of Agricultural Sciences， Longyan， Fujian Province， 364000  China;

3. Bureau of industrial Informatization， Science and Technology of Shanghang County， Longyan，

Fujian Province，364200 China; 4. Agricultural Science and Education Project Management

Station of Shanghang County， Longyan， Fujian Province， 364200 China; 5. Longyan

Tinghang Ecological Agriculture Co.， Ltd.， Longyan， Fujian Province， 364200  China）

Abstract： Objective  To study the effect of chemical fertilizer reduction on soil fertility， rice yield and economic benefit under the condition of early rice irrigation with biogas slurry. Methods  Four fertilization treatments （A1～A4） were designed and treatment A4 used as control （CK） . The fertilization rates of A1， A2 and A3 treatments were 70% of CK， and the biogas slurry application rates were 675 t/hm2，450 t/hm2and 225 t/hm2 respectively. Results  The contents of soil organic matter， total nitrogen， total phosphorus and total potassium in A1～A3 treatment were slightly higher than those before the experiment， and the pH value was significantly higher. After treatment， the fertility of A1 foot was longer， the ripening period was 3 days later than that of CK. The highest yield of A2 was 2.3% higher than that of CK， the third yield of A3 was 2.3% lower than that of CK， and the lowest yield of A1 was 3.2% lower than that of CK. Conclusion  Under the experimental condition， 225 ～ 675 t/hm2 irrigation of Biogas Slurry could reduce the amount of chemical fertilizer applied， and maintain the yield of early rice without reducing the yield. The best performance was 30% reduction of chemical fertilizer applied by 450 t/hm2 irrigation biogas slurry. If the amount of chemical fertilizer application is not enough after irrigation， the yield of early rice will be reduced because of excessive fertilizer application.

Key Words： Biogas slurry; Early rice; Fertilizer reduction; Effect; Yield; Economic benefit

1  研究概述

1.1 研究意义

近40年来，随着化肥工业迅速成长，农业生产单纯地依赖化肥，忽视了有机肥的投入，导致化肥用量较大甚至过量，而化肥用量并未與作物的产质量成正比，化肥养分利用率下降，肥料效应总体降低[1]。另一方面，随着农业生产结构向农业和水产养殖业并重倾斜，集约化生产水平不断提高，畜禽粪便成为了农业面源污染的重要源头[2-4]。土壤养分平衡由亏缺逐步转为盈余和农业面源污染的背景下，如何平衡农田养分，科学处置粪污，综合畜禽粪污资源利用化问题对农业可持续发展具有重要意义。……