柳洋 李雪飞 董海平 于江



摘 要:火药点火器可通过内部推进剂燃烧持续输出火焰,被广泛用于各类武器及航空航天器上,为动力系统提供初始点火能源。某型火药点火器用于我国新一代运载火箭主发动机,作为整发火箭的单点环节,且工作环境较恶劣,对产品可靠度提出了很高要求。本文选取了两种可靠性评估方法对其改进后的可靠性进行分析与验证,并利用最大熵试验法计算出其可靠度下限,达到了0.9992。分析过程为其他结构、功能相似的火工装置可靠性分析提供了思路与借鉴。
关键词:火箭发动机 火工装置 低温点火 最大熵试验 可靠性验证
中图分类号:TJ 450 文献标识码:A 文章编号:1674-098X(2021)04(c)-0004-05
Small Sample Reliability Verification Test and Analysis of Powder Igniter
LIU Yang1* LI Xuefei1 DONG Haiping2 YU Jiang3
(1. Beijing Aerospace Propulision Institute, Beijing, 100076 China;2. School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081 China;3.Shaanxi Institute of Applied Physical Chemistry, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710061 China)
Abstract: Powder igniter can continuously output flame through internal propellant combustion, which is widely used in various weapons and aerospace vehicles to provide initial ignition energy for power system. A certain type of powder igniter is used in the main engine of the new generation launch vehicle in our country. As a single point link of the whole launch vehicle, and the working environment is bad, it puts forward high requirements for product reliability. In this paper, two reliability evaluation methods are selected to analyze and verify the improved reliability, and the lower limit of reliability is calculated by using the maximum entropy test method, which reaches 0.9992. The analysis process provides ideas and reference for reliability analysis of other pyrotechnics devices with similar structure and function.
Key Words: Liquid rocket engine; Initiating device; Low temperature ignition; Maximum entropy ; Test reliability appraisal
某型火藥点火器被用于我国新一代运载火箭的芯一级氢氧发动机,功能是在液氢液氧介质的低温环境下,通过逐级点火,引燃燃烧室的固体推进剂,利用其持续燃烧的火焰点燃液体发动机。其主要结构包含金属壳体、电点火器、点火药盒、推进剂等,如图1所示,其结构和原理接近小型固体火箭,研制阶段借鉴了相关标准与设计规范。
1 可靠性评估的必要性
火药点火器设计之初,要满足火箭发动机工作要求,即流量大、低温(-40℃)可靠点火、点火持续时间长、出口燃温低、外廓尺寸限制、推进剂不含覆层及固相燃烧产物少等。上述各因素相互限制,大大增加了研制难度[1]。例如,流量大、持续时间长必然导致推进剂药量大,外廓尺寸会相应增加;燃温低会抑制低温点火的可靠性;持续时间长、推进剂不含覆层必然导致燃面大,不利于维持工作时间,只能选取低燃速推进剂,而低燃速推进剂低温环境相对难以点火。……