卫宁灌区地下水埋深对农业节水的响应分析

刘宽 翟家齐 赵勇 董义阳 李海红

摘 要：为揭示卫宁灌区地下水埋深对农业节水灌溉的响应规律，根据灌区2002—2017年地下水埋深、灌溉水量和种植结构资料，采用线性倾向估计法、累计距平法和灰色关联度法进行研究。结果表明：近年来受农业节水的影响，卫宁灌区地下水埋深呈增大趋势，2012年开始地下水埋深增大速率变大;受季节和农业灌溉的影响，地下水埋深年内呈周期性变化，分布呈W形，年内5—10月地下水埋深增幅最大，原因是该时期灌溉水量减少最大;空间上，地下水埋深呈由西向東逐渐增大的分布格局，灌区西部及东南部地下水埋深变化速率较大;卫宁灌区种植结构的调整、灌溉效率的提升以及灌溉水量的减少是地下水埋深增大的主要原因，灌区灌溉水量减少对灌区地下水埋深影响最大，其次是灌溉效率的提升，种植结构的调整对地下水埋深的影响相对较小。

关键词：地下水埋深;农业节水;响应程度;卫宁灌区

中图分类号：TV213.9;P641.8 文献标志码：A

doi：10.3969/j.issn.1000-1379.2021.07.016

引用格式：刘宽，翟家齐，赵勇，等.卫宁灌区地下水埋深对农业节水的响应分析[J].人民黄河，2021，43（7）：84-88，119.

Abstract： Based on the groundwater depth， irrigation water volume and planting structure data ofWeining irrigated area from 2002 to 2017， the linear tendency estimation method， cumulative anomaly method and grey correlation method were used to study the characteristics and degree of response of groundwater depth to agricultural water-saving irrigation in the area. The results show that in recent years， under the influence of agricultural water-saving， the groundwater depth in Weining irrigated area presents a trend of annual increase and the rate of increase in groundwater depth has been increased since 2012. Under the influence of seasons and agricultural irrigation， groundwater depth changes periodically during a year and the distribution is in W-shape. The groundwater depth increases mainly from May to October during a year， because the amount of irrigation water volume during this period decreases most significantly. Spatially， the groundwater level shows an increasing distribution pattern from west to east and the groundwater depth change rates in the west and southeast of the irrigated area are relatively larger. The adjustment of planting structure， the improvement of irrigation efficiency and the reduction of irrigation water volume in Weining irrigated area are the main reasons for the increase of groundwater depth. The results of grey correlation show that the reduction of irrigation water volume in irrigated areas has a significant influence to the groundwater depth， followed by the improvement of irrigation efficiency and the adjustment of planting structure has a relatively smaller influence to the groundwater depth.

Key words： groundwater depth; water saving in agriculture; degree of response; Weining irrigation area

地下水在生态环境和农业生产方面起到重要作用[1-3]，是自然植被和作物正常生长的关键因素[4]。近几十年来我国地表水短缺问题严重，随着经济社会发展和人口的增长，水资源供需矛盾日益突出[5-6]，农业节水成为解决水资源短缺的有效途径[7-8]。在我国西北地区，人类活动主要集中在灌溉绿洲区，灌区一般……