基于时间序列遥感的2020年黄河三角洲湿地补水效果监测

黄玉芳 娄广艳 葛雷 黄翀 周子俊

摘 要：2020年汛期在防御大洪水实战演练期间进行的黄河三角洲湿地生态补水，生态补水量创历史最高，三角洲湿地首次实现漫滩式补水。基于Sentinel-1与Sentinel-2时间序列卫星遥感影像，评估了2020年三角洲生态补水前中后期湿地动态变化与补水效果。结果表明：生态补水期间清水沟、刁口河流路湿地水体淹没频率较高，大多为0.6～0.8，清水沟流路湿地水面面积由补水前的70 km2扩大到100 km2，刁口河流路湿地水面面积由补水前的不足0.1 km2扩大到5.25 km2，淹没频率的提高和水面面积的扩大改善了湿地的水分条件，满足了植被生长期的水分要求;研究区湿地地表水分指数均值由补水前的下降趋势转为上升趋势，补水期间与补水后地表水分指数明显高于补水前，有利于湿地植物群落的正向演替和湿地生态功能的维持，展现出生态补水对湿地生态恢复的正向作用。

关键词：生态补水;时间序列遥感;地表水分指数;黄河三角洲

中图分类号：TV882.1;P343.5 文献标志码：A

doi：10.3969/j.issn.1000-1379.2021.07.017

引用格式：黄玉芳，娄广艳，葛雷，等.基于时间序列遥感的2020年黄河三角洲湿地补水效果监测[J].人民黄河，2021，43（7）：89-93.

Abstract： The amount of the wetland ecological water supplement in the Yellow Riverdelta during the flood season of 2020 was the highest in history and the delta wetland realized flooding-type water supplement for the first time. Based on Sentinel-1 and Sentinel-2 time series images， this paper monitored and evaluated the dynamic changes and water supplement effects of delta wetland before and after ecological water supplement in 2020， which provided technical support for the ecological regulation of the Yellow River and the ecological restoration of delta wetland. The results show that the submerged frequency of the wetlands of Qingshuigou and Diaokou flow paths is higher during the ecological supplement period， mostly between 0.6 and 0.8. The water surface area of Qingshuigou flow path is expanded from 70 km2 to 100 km2 and the water surface area of Diaokou flow path is expanded from less than 0.1 km2 to 5.25 km2. The increase of submerged frequency and the expansion of water surface area have improved the water condition of the wetland and met with the water requirement of vegetation growth period. The mean value of land surface water index （LSWI） of wetland in the study area has changed from a downward trend to an upward trend. The land surface water index during and after water replenishment is significantly higher than that before water supplement， which is beneficial to the positive succession of wetland plant communities and the maintenance of wetland ecological functions and shows a positive effect of ecological water supplement on wetland ecological restoration.

Key words： ecological water supplement; time series remote sensing; land surface water index; Yellow River delta

湿地是黄河三角洲生物多樣性最为丰富的区域，是珍稀濒危保护物种的重要栖息地，是黄河三角洲最具保护价值的生态系统。随着经济和社会的高速发展，石油开采、农业开垦和水产养殖等人类活动对黄河三角洲湿地造成了严重破坏[1-2]，加之受黄河来水来沙减少、海水入侵和风暴潮等影响，黄河三角洲湿地出现面积大幅度萎缩、生物多样性受损和植被逆向演替等众多生态问题[3]。……