青龙湖浮游植物群落与环境因子相关性分析

刘川 闫金霞 刘家乐 李鼎 马玉露 王荣欣 成庆利 陆建红

摘 要：污染物汇入和闸坝拦截等人为干扰影响湖泊水量和水质，进而影响湖泊生物群落的结构和组成。为了解青龙湖浮游植物群落状况及其环境驱动因子，于2018年10月、12月，2019年4月、7月对青龙湖的水质及浮游植物进行采样调查，利用藻类生物学指标评价水体营养状况，并对浮游植物和环境因子进行冗余分析（RDA），结果表明：调查期间共鉴定出浮游植物8门53属，浮游植物的密度为134.20万～283.16万个/L，生物量为2.48～8.09 mg/L;春季绿藻-硅藻为优势种，夏季转以绿藻为主，秋季以蓝藻为主，冬季以硅藻为主;水体大部分时期为中-富营养型;水温、pH值、总磷、氨氮、CODMn和电导率是影响浮游植物生物量的主要环境因子。

关键词：浮游植物;环境因子;冗余分析;青龙湖

中图分类号：TV211.1+1;X824 文献标志码：A

doi：10.3969/j.issn.1000-1379.2021.07.020

引用格式：刘川，闫金霞，刘家乐，等.青龙湖浮游植物群落与环境因子相关性分析[J].人民黄河，2021，43（7）：104-109.

Abstract：Pollution inflows and dam interception affect the lake water quality and then influence the structure and composition of aquatic organisms. In order to explore the phytoplankton community and its environmental driving factors in Qinglong Lake， the composition of phytoplankton community and environmental factors had been investigated in October and December 2018 and April and July 2019. The algal biological indices were used to evaluate the water quality of Qinglong Lake. Meanwhile， redundancy analysis （RDA） was performed between phytoplankton and environmental factors. The results show that 53 genera belonging to 8 phyla of phytoplankton are identified. The density of phytoplankton is from 1.342 0～2.831 6 million cells/L and the biomass of phytoplankton is from 2.48 to 8.09 mg/L respectively. In spring， the phytoplankton communities are dominated by green algae and diatoms， then it is dominated by green algae in summer and followed by cyanobacteria and diatoms in autumn and winter. Water quality assessment results indicate that the water body is in a medium-eutrophication condition. RDA makes clear that water temperature， pH， total phosphorus， ammonia nitrogen， CODMn and conductivity are the environmental factors affecting phytoplankton community significantly.

Key words： phytoplankton; environmental factors; RDA; Qinglong Lake

浮游植物是水生態系统中的初级生产者，在物质循环和能量流动中起着重要作用[1]。浮游植物对于环境因素（如温度、pH值、营养盐等）的变化十分敏感[2]，能够准确反映水质的变化，同时其生物群落结构的变化也会反作用于水质[3]。目前，浮游植物的密度、生物量及多样性指数等生物学指标已广泛应用于各类水体的水质评价[4-6]。

青龙湖位于河南省新乡市封丘县和长垣县境内，为200多a前黄河决堤冲刷而成的沼泽型湿地，水域面积约59.4 hm2，水深较浅，最大水深约3 m，是新乡黄河湿地鸟类国家级自然保护区内少数常年集水区之一。……