沈莹
【基本概念】
There be句型表示某处有某物或某人。there是引导词,在句中不充当任何成分,翻译时也不必译出。
句式结构:There+连系动词be+主语(人/物)+地点(介词短语或副词)。
(1) There is +单数可数名词/不可数名词+地点状语。
(2) There are +复数名词+地点状语。
名词及主谓一致:
① 当主语是可数名词单数或不可数名词时, be动词用is。如:
There is a bird in the tree. 树上有一只鸟。
② 当主语是可数名词复数时,其be动词就用are。如:
There are two children in the room. 房间里有两个孩子。
③ 当主语是两个或两个以上的名词时,(遵循就近原则)be动词要根据离它最近的名词的数来确定be的形式。如:
There is a teacher and many students in our classroom. 我们教室里有一位老师和许多学生。
There are two boys and a girl under the tree. 树下有两个男孩,一个女孩。
【There be句型转化】
1. 如何改为否定句:直接在be后加上not或no。如:
There are some pictures on the wall. → There arent any pictures on the wall. = There are no pictures on the wall.
There is a bike behind the tree. → There isnt a bike behind the tree. =There is no bike behind the tree.
注意:肯定句中有some时,改为否定句或者疑问句时要将其改为any,而and则要改为or。not和no的不同之处在于not是副词,no为形容词,not a / an / any + n. 相当于no + n.。
2. 如何改为一般疑问句:把be动词提到句首,句末句号改成问号。同时应注意:当肯定句中有some时,要将其改为any,而and要改成or。如:
There is some water on Mars. → Is there any water on Mars?
There are some fish in the water. →Are there any fish in the water?
在构成一般疑問句时, 其句型结构为:
(1) Is + there + a / an+单数名词+介词短语?
(2) Is + there+不可数名词+介词短语?
(3) Are + there + any +复数名词+介词短语?
回答用Yes, there is / are. 或No, there isnt / arent. 如:
—Is there a ball on the table? 桌子上有个球吗?
—Yes, there is. 是的,有。
—No, there isnt. 不是,没有。
—Are there any children near the door? 门边有些孩子吗?
—Yes, there are. 是的,有。
—No, there arent. 不是,没有。
3. 如何改为特殊疑问句:必须了解是对什么进行提问,懂得用哪个词去发问。
(1) 对主语提问:当主语是人的时候,则用who 引导,当主语是物的时候,则用what 引导。
注意:无论原句的主语是单数还是复数,对之提问时一般都用be的单数形式(回答时却要根据实际情况来决定)。如:……p>