等离子体对玉米优势腐败菌黄曲霉灭活作用的研究

2021-08-16 18:23:43李帅曾英男
安徽农学通报 2021年7期

李帅 曾英男

摘 要:以玉米优势腐败菌黄曲霉为试验对象,采用低温等离子体技术对污染黄曲霉菌的玉米籽粒进行处理,研究不同等离子体处理功率、处理时间和真空度对黄曲霉杀菌效果的影响。结果表明,杀菌最佳工艺为:等离子体处理功率447W、等离子体处理时间160s、真空度80Pa;在此條件下,等离子体对黄曲霉的杀菌率为85.42%。

关键词:黄曲霉;等离子体;杀菌

中图分类号 TS201.3文献标识码 A文章编号 1007-7731(2021)07-0098-04

Study on the Inactivation of Aspergillus flavus by Low-temperature Plasma

LI Shuai et al.

(Jilin Agricultural Science and Technology University, Jilin 132101, China)

Abstract: In this paper, the dominant corn spoilage bacteria Aspergillus flavus was used as the research object. The plasma technology was used to treat corn kernels contaminated with Aspergillus flavus. The effect of different plasma treatment power, treatment time and vacuum degree on the sterilization effect of the target bacteria was studied. The best process for sterilization was determined by surface experiments: the plasma treatment power was 447 W, the plasma treatment time was 160 s, the vacuum degree was 80 Pa, and the sterilization rate of Aspergillus flavus was 85.42%. Scanning electron microscopy results showed that the spores of Aspergillus flavus were destroyed and the mold spores died after plasma treatment.

Key words: Aspergillus flavus; Plasma; Sterilization

玉米作为我国主要的粮食作物之一,是食品工业原料的主要来源[1,2]。新收获的玉米的含水率较高,若不及时进行干燥,在贮藏和运输过程中易发霉变质,严重影响玉米的品质[3-5]。储粮真菌危害是全球长期以来共同面临的一个安全问题。玉米在储藏期间,外界温湿度的变化易滋生黄曲霉菌[6,7],其产生的次级代谢物黄曲霉毒素具有强烈的致癌性,不仅降低了玉米的品质,造成一定的经济损失,而且对人畜的生命安全产生威胁[8-10]。

等离子体是由离子、电子、自由基以及中性粒子组成的一种准中性气体[11,12],被称为除固、液、气之外物质的“第四态”[13,14]。等离子体技术具有工作效率高、环保和适用性强等优点,在材料科学、食品工业和生物医学等领域得到了广泛应用[15]。Dasan[16]等采用流化床低温等离子体对已感染黄曲霉的玉米籽粒进行处理,结果表明,等离子体处理5min后,黄曲霉最高减少5.48lg(CFU/g),将经过等离子体处理的玉米样品25℃下储存30d后黄曲霉孢子没有继续生长。Mitra[17]等采用大气压低温等离子体处理鹰嘴豆种子,处理5min后天然微生物群菌落总数减少2lg(CFU/g)。……

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