基于半导体温差发电的隧道应急照明和疏散救援技术

摘要：傳统的应急照明通常需要由大型发电机供电，由于应急发电机主要由内燃机发电，如果照明系统出现问题，发电机将无法及时启动，当紧急情况发生时，应急照明系统无法正常工作，导致许多不必要的事故发生，另一方面，随着负载的增加，发电机供电电压也会降低，从而引起电压波动，波动大会影响设备并损坏设备。针对隧道烟气特征速度计算不准确、影响测算可用安全疏散时间的问题，基于半导体温差发电提出隧道应急照明和疏散救援技术。采用非稳态模型模拟火源，构建隧道火灾烟气蔓延模型，利用半导体温差发电跟踪应急照明最大功率点，得到发电组件的输出功率。根据动态追踪结果，实时求出当量长度值，更新空间拥挤度，以此确定疏散救援路径。实验结果表明，当距离疏散点最远的位置（500 m处）时，测试得到的4种隧道工况的可用安全疏散时间分别高出必需时间175.29 s、89.21 s、145.6 s和195.46 s ，满足安全疏散和救援要求。

关键词：半导体;温差发电;隧道应急照明;疏散救援

中图分类号：U458文献标志码：A文章编号：1009-9492（2021）11-0258-03

Tunnel Emergency Lighting and Evacuation Rescue Technology Based onSemiconductor Thermoelectric Power Generation

Pu Min

（Suzhou Lumlux Power Technology Co.， Ltd.， Suzhou， Jiangsu 215143， China）

Abstract： The traditional emergency lighting usually needs to be powered by a large generator. Because the emergency generator is mainly powered by an internal combustion engine， if there is a problem with the lighting system， the generator will not start in time. When an emergency occurs， the emergency lighting system will not work normally， resulting in many unnecessary accidents. On the other hand， with the increase of load， the power supply voltage of the generator will also be reduced， resulting in voltage fluctuation， which will affect the equipment and damage the equipment. Aiming at the problem of inaccurate calculation of the characteristic velocity of tunnel smoke， which affects the estimation and calculation of the available safe evacuation time， tunnel emergency lighting and evacuation rescue technologies were proposed based on semiconductor thermoelectric power generation. The non-steady state model was used to simulate the fire source， the tunnel fire smoke spreading model was constructed， and the semiconductor temperature difference power generation was used to track the maximum power point of emergency lighting to obtain the output power of the power generation component. According to the dynamic tracking results， the equivalent length value was obtained in real time， and the space congestion degree was updated to determine the evacuation rescue path. The experimental results show that when the distance to the evacuation point is the farthest position （at 500 m）， the available safe evacuation time of the four tunnel conditions obtained by the test is 175.29 s， 89.21 s， 145.6 s and 195.46 s higher than the necessary time， respectively， which meets the safety requirements.

Key words： semiconductor; thermoelectric power generation; tunnel emergency lighting; evacuation rescue

0 引言

现阶段我国交通建设事业迅速发展，高速公路的规模和数量持续增加。在交通建设中，火灾是运营期公路隧道面临的主要风险之一，由于隧道狭长的结构形式，使得隧道火灾往往会造成严重的经济损失和人员伤亡。隧道能够克服地形限制，缩短道路长度，在一定程度上可以减少对生态环境的破坏，避免发生地质灾害[1-2]。因此，隧道的建设对于高速公路的发展来说至关重要。……