2011～2020年田东县水痘流行特征分析

韦忠信 罗彩婵 陈艳 黄永红

【摘要】 目的 分析2011～2020年田东县水痘流行病学特征，为制定水痘防控措施提供参考依据。

方法 采用描述性流行病学方法，对传染病报告信息管理系统中报告的田东县2011～2020年水痘病例资料进行分析。

结果 2011～2020年田东县共报告水痘病例3596例，年均发病率为82.82/10万，发病率呈逐年上升趋势（χ2趨势=331.09，P<0.01），两个发病高峰是11月～次年1月和4～6月;全县10个乡镇均有病例报告，那拔镇水痘年均发病率（232.11/10万）高于其他乡镇;男性水痘年均发病率（87.11/10万）高于女性（78.15/10万）（χ2=10.53，P<0.01）;病例主要集中在15岁以下年龄组，占总病例数87.10%（3132/3596），职业分布以学生、幼托儿童和散居儿童为主;全县共报告水痘突发公共卫生事件11起，其中发生在小学10起、托幼儿机构1起;田东县2010～2019年出生儿童水痘疫苗估算接种率约为53.82%。

结论 田东县水痘疫情防控形势严峻，应针对水痘流行特征采取相应的防控措施，及时发现和处置水痘暴发疫情，减少突发公共卫生事件的发生。

【关键词】 水痘;流行特征;水痘疫苗

中图分类号：R511. 文献标志码： DOI：10.3969/j.issn.10031383.2021.06.010

Analysis of epidemic characteristics of varicella in Tiandong county from 2011 to 2020

WEZhongxin， LUO Caichan， CHEN Yan， HUANG Yonghong

（Tiandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention， Tiandong 531500， Guangxi， China）

【Abstract】 Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of varicella in Tiandong county from 2011 to 2020， so as to provide reference for formulating the measures of varicella prevention and control.

Methods Descriptive epidemiological method was used to analyze the data of varicella cases reported in Tiandong county from 2011 to 2020 in the infectious disease reporting information management system.

Results From 2011 to 2020， 3596 cases of varicella were reported in Tiandong county， with an annual incidence rate of 82.82/100 000. The incidence rate increased year by year （χ2trend = 331.09， P < 0.01）， and the two peaks appeared from November to January of next year and from April to June. Cases were reported in 10 townships and counties of Tiandong county， and the annual incidence rate of varicella in Naba town was 232.11/100 000， which was higher than those of other towns. Average annual incidence of varicella among men （87.11/100 000） was higher than that among women （78.15/100 000） （χ2 = 10.53， P < 0.01）. Cases were concentrated in the age group under 15， accounting for 87.10% （3132/3596） of the total cases， and the occupational distribution was dominated by students， nursery children and children living in the diaspora. A total of 11 varicella public health emergencies were reported in the county， including 10 in primary schools and 1 in child care institutions. The estimated vaccination rate of varicella vaccine for children born in Tiandong county was about 53.82% from 2010 to 2019.

Conclusion The situation of prevention and control of varicella in Tiandong county is severe， so corresponding prevention and control measures should be taken according to the epidemic characteristics of varicella， and the outbreak of varicella should be detected and disposed in time to reduce the occurrence of public health emergencies

【Key words】 varicella; epidemic characteristic; varicella vaccine

水痘是由水痘带状疱疹病毒感染引起的以全身性丘疹、水疱及结痂同时出现为特征的一种急性呼吸道传染病[1]，主要通过呼吸道飞沫和直接接触传播，也可因接触被病毒污染的衣服、用具等间接接触传播，传染性极强，易感兒童接触后90%发病，容易在托幼机构和小学等集体单位引起暴发和聚集性疫情[2]。为了解田东县水痘的发病情况，为制定防控措施提供参考依据，现对2011～2020年田东县水痘流行病学特征进行分析。

1 资料与方法

1.1 资料来源

水痘病例资料、突发公共卫生事件信息资料分别来源于“传染病报告信息管理系统”“突发公共卫生事件管理信息系统”，水痘疫苗接种数据来源于“广西免疫规划信息管理系统”，人口学资料来源于田东县统计局。

1.2 分析方法

运用Excel 2010和SPSS 17.0软件对数据进行统计学分析，采用描述性流行病学方法分析水痘的流行病学特征，率的比较采用χ2检验，检验水准：α=0.05。……