基于轻量化与强度的短纤维复合材料蜂窝三明治板结构多目标优化设计

岳科宇 陆正刚 王小超

摘要：蜂窝三明治板在结构轻量化中得到了广泛应用，采用具有良好材料性能的短纤维复合材料替换铝蜂窝，能进一步满足轻量化需求。为了短纤维复合材料更好地应用，针对增大蜂窝三明治板抗拉强度要求，提出了一种增大面板与蜂窝粘接面积的结构设计方案。在有限元软件 ABAQUS中建立了考虑损伤退化的短纤维复合材料蜂窝三明治板有限元计算模型，验证了设计方案的可行性。为了兼顾力学性能和减重要求，采用基于代理模型和多岛遗传算法的优化方法对蜂窝结构参数进行了多目标优化。分析结果表明，所建立的精细化有限元模型能够模拟三明治板的性能突降行为，基于代理模型高效准确的优化流程，优化后三明治板的面密度相比于优化前降低了30%，强度满足要求。

关键词：多目标优化;短纤维复合材料;三明治板;蜂窝结构设计;有限元

中图分类号：TB383             文献标志码：A        文章编号：1009-9492（2021）12-0090-07

Multi-objective Optimization of Short Fiber Reinforced Composite HoneycombSandwich Panel Structure Based on Lightweight and Strength

Yue Keyu ，Lu Zhenggang ※，Wang Xiaochao

（Institute of Rail Transit， Tongji University， Shanghai 200092， China）

Abstract： Honeycomb sandwich panels is widely used in lightweight structure. In order to make further improvement on lightweight， shortfiber reinforced  composite  material  which  has  good  material  properties  can  be  used  to  manufacture  honeycomb  instead  of aluminum. For well-applied of short fiber reinforced composite， a new structure was designed for increasing the bonding area between skin and honeycomb to enhance the flatwise tensile strength. The finite element model of short fiber reinforced composite honeycomb sandwich panel with damage degradation was established based on ABAQUS， by that the feasibility of the new design was proved. Considering the requirements of strength and weight reduction， the multi-objective optimization of honeycomb structure parameters was carried out by using the optimization method based on surrogate model and multi island genetic algorithm. The results show that the finite element model can simulate the failure behavior of sandwich panel well. And the optimization based on surrogate model is efficient and accurate. The density of optimal sandwich panel with acceptable strength is 30% lower than the original design.

Key words： multi-objective optimization; short fiber reinforced composite material; sandwich panel; honeycomb design; finite element

0 引言

蜂窝三明治板具有质量轻、比模量大、隔音、隔热、吸能强、成本低等优点，在航空航天、汽车、轨道交通车辆、海洋船舶、土木建筑等领域已经有了较为广泛地应用[1-4]。为了进一步追求轻量化，轻质高强的纤维增强复合材料也成为了蜂窝三明治板的主要材料。尤其是采用纤维增强复合材料面板和铝蜂窝的三明治板性能已经有了一定的应用和研究[5-8]。

短纤维复合材料由树脂和短切碳纤维组成，强度刚度特性较好，相比长纤维材料，具有更好的工艺性和经济性[9-10]，采用短纤维符合材料替代铝蜂窝结构有望能进一步实现轻量化。……