中药材遗传资源知识产权保护问题及对策

2021-08-24 22:47:49李鹏蕾
河南科技 2021年10期

李鹏蕾

摘 要:中药材是我国重要的资源,但近年来生物剽窃的现象较为严重。中药材的价值由其蕴含的遗传资源信息决定,同时也受其生长环境与培育加工技术的影响,因而具有特殊性。现有法律难以满足对中药材遗传资源进行保护的需求。因中药材遗传资源本质上是一种信息,故而可从知识产权的角度进行保护。由于我国知识产权制度起步较晚,还存在种种不足,加上中药材自身的特殊性,现有的知识产权的规章制度难以对中药材进行充分保护。中药材被侵犯知识产权的情况时有发生,侵权行为也难以得到解决。

关键词:中药材;遗传资源;知识产权

中图分类号:R29文献标识码:A文章编号:1003-5168(2021)10-0144-03

Problems and Countermeasures of Intellectual Property Protection of Genetic Resources of Chinese Medicinal Materials

LI Penglei

(Zhongyuan University of Technology,Zhengzhou Henan 450007)

Abstract: Traditional Chinese medicine is an important resource in China, but in recent years, the phenomenon of biological plagiarism is more serious. The value of Chinese medicinal materials is determined by the information of genetic resources contained in them, and is also affected by their growing environment and cultivation and processing technology, so it has its particularity. The existing laws are difficult to protect the genetic resources of Chinese medicinal materials. Because the genetic resources of traditional Chinese medicine are essentially information, they can be protected from the perspective of intellectual property rights. Due to the late start of China's intellectual property system, there are still various deficiencies, coupled with the particularity of Chinese medicinal materials themselves, the existing intellectual property rules and regulations are difficult to fully protect Chinese medicinal materials. The infringement of the intellectual property rights of Chinese medicinal materials occurs from time to time, and it is difficult to solve the infringement.

Keywords: Chinese herbal medicine; genetic resources; intellectual property rights

中藥是我国传统文化的重要组成部分,是我们宝贵的物质资源。随着时代的发展和科技的进步,中药的核心成分和配伍被分析出来,可以被科学量化,国际上逐渐意识到中药的价值,欧美、日韩等掌握着先进生物医药技术的国家纷纷投入大量成本对中药进行研究,并获得了巨大的成效。国外对中药进行研究与开发后抢先在国际上取得知识产权保护,我国因技术不够先进处于后发地位,在中药的利用上处于劣势,并且在某些领域成为国外原材料基地[1]。由于技术不够先进,我们无法将相当一部分方子转化成中成药,因而也就无法利用法律手段对其进行保护。中药是由中药材的搭配所形成的方子制造的,但现代的医药保护制度主要是以药品专利的形式对医药产品进行保护,无法对中药的源头——中药材进行保护,也就无法从法律上对中药进行保护。……

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