香蕉蓟马在花蕾期发生为害动态及精准化学防控研究

尹可锁 郭志祥 李迅东 郑泗军 杨宝明 曾莉 番华彩

摘  要：为了解香蕉蓟马（Thrips hawaiiensis Morgan）的最佳防控时机，评价精准喷雾的防治效果，本研究开展了最佳诱捕效果粘虫色板的筛选，在花蕾期监测蓟马迁入动态，调查蓟马在果穗上的为害分布，评价不同施药时机的防效，以期找到最佳防控方法。结果表明：在竞争和非竞争条件下，较白色和黄色，蓝色粘虫板的诱捕效果最好;蓟马迁入动态为植株现蕾后成虫大量迁入，呈逐渐增加趋势，花蕾向地弯垂后至第8梳苞片打开期间达高峰，色板上诱捕的蓟马数量最大，达290头;果穗上所有果梳均受到为害，并随着果穗生长呈逐渐加重趋势，最末端第7果梳的为害最严重，为害症状的黑点数为207个;在植株刚现蕾和花蕾向地弯垂时，对花蕾和果穗喷雾，2次施药的间隔期为5 d，对整个果穗有较好保护作用。香蕉蓟马的最佳防治时间为刚现蕾和花蕾向地弯垂的生育期。定向精准用药能够有效防控蓟马、保护果皮外观，实现蕉园农药减量施用，为香蕉产业提质增效提供技术依据。

关键词：香蕉蓟马;粘虫板;为害动态;最佳施药时间;防效

中圖分类号：S436.68      文献标识码：A

Dynamic Distribution of Adult Thrips hawaiiensis Morgan During Banana Flowering Stage and Its Precise Chemical Control in Banana Plantation

YIN Kesuo1， GUO Zhixiang1， LI Xundong1*， ZHENG Sijun1，2， YANG Baoming1， ZENG Li1， FAN Huacai1， BAI Tingting1， XU Shengtao1， HUANG Yuling1， LIU Lina1

1. Institute of Agricultural Environment & Resources， Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences， Kunming， Yunnan 650205， China; 2. Study Group of International Biodiversity Center and Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences， Kunming， Yunnan 650205， China

Abstract： Banana thrips （Thrips hawaiiensis Morgan） is a very serious pest in banana plantations， which causes black spots on the surface of banana fruit and reduces the marketability of banana The damage caused by thrips leads to black spots in banana fruit surface which reduce the marketability of banana fruits. Yellow， white， and blue traps were used to test for the attractiveness to T. hawaiiensis. The best color sticky traps were used to monitor the dynamic of thrips population. Insecticides （cyhalothrin with imidacloprid） were applied in specific stage to evaluate the control efficiency against thrips. The results showed that blue sticky traps were the most attractive for T. hawaiiensis. The number of thrips on blue traps was the most one; it was eight times compared to white and yellow traps. The population of thrips increased rapidly after plant appearing bud， and reached peak in the period from drooping of bud to revealing eight hands fruits. The damage degree became serious with the development of bud， the number of black spots reached its peak with 207 in the final fruits hand. The trend of damage degree was accordant with the presence of thrips. Combining with the development of banana inflorescence， mixed insecticides were applied when the banana plant was in time of appearing bud and revealing two fruits hand. It could significantly reduce the degree of damage in which control efficacy was over 73 percentages. This efficient control methodology would decrease the insecticide contamination and provide a practical strategy for sustainable agricultural production in banana plantation.

Keywords： Thrips hawaiiensis; sticky traps; damage dynamic; key time of applying insecticides; control efficacy

DOI： 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2021.07.027

香蕉（Musa spp.）在熱带和亚热带的135个国家广泛种植，是重要的粮食作物和经济作物，全球超6亿人口以香蕉为主食[1]。黄胸蓟马（Thrips hawaiiensis Morgan）是香蕉的主要害虫之一，在我国广泛分布于海南、广东、广西、云南、福建和台湾的香蕉产区[2-4]。香蕉植株现蕾后，蓟马成虫迁飞侵入花蕾，为害幼嫩果实，导致果皮表面形成黑褐色凸起小点，严重影响外观品质[2-4]。……