

摘要朱载堉在自然科学和艺术科学两大领域都做出了划时代成就,取得了当时多项世界第一的学术成果。朱载堉是世界上第一个计算出十二等程律的人。朱载堉的十二等程律解决了两千多年来一直困扰着中西乐律学的转调和变调问题,在音乐理论史上具有划时代的意义。2018年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试中,朱载堉科学艺术成果首次进入北京市文、理科数学试卷。朱载堉还造出了一套音高标准器和一套标准律管。朱载堉爱科学不爱王位,终生投身科学和艺术的精神值得学习和继承。
关键词朱载堉;十二等程律;律管
中图分类号:N49文献标识码:ADOI:10.16400/j.cnki.kjdk.2021.36.031
Science,Art and Mathematics in the Law of the Twelfth Order
——On Zhu Zaiyu's acoustic achievements
WANG Hongpeng
(China Science and Technology Museum,Beijing 100101)
Abstract:Zhu Zaiyu made epoch-making achievements in the two fields of natural science and art science,and made a number of world-class academic achievements at that time. Zhu Zaiyu was the first person in the world to calculate the twelfth order law. Zhu Zaiyu,s twelfth order law has solved the problem of tone transfer and tone change that has plagued Chinese and western music law for more than 2000 years,and has epochmaking significance in the history of music theory. Zhu Zaiyu,s scientific and artistic achievements entered the Beijing mathematics examination papers of Arts and Sciences for the first time in the national unified examination for enrollment of ordinary colleges and universities in 2018. Zhu Zaiyu also created a set of pitch standards and a set of standard rhythm tubes. Zhu Zaiyu loves science rather than the throne. His spirit of lifelong devotion to s cience and art is worth learning and inheriting.
Keywords:Zhu Zaiyu;twelfth order law;pitch pipe
中華世纪坛矗立着40尊中华文化名人的青铜塑像,这些都是中华文明五千年历史长河里精英中的精英,从老子、孔子到司马迁,从孙子、管仲到李时珍,每一位都可谓大名鼎鼎、如雷贯耳。然而,其中却有一个对很多人来说都比较陌生的人,他就是明代音乐家朱载堉。
朱载堉,字伯勤,号“狂生”“山阳酒狂仙客”,明朝嘉靖十五年(1536)出生于河南省怀庆府河内县(今河南省沁阳市),是朱元璋九世孙。其父朱厚烷被册封为郑恭王。作为长子,朱载堉10岁被册封为世子。令人称奇的是,朱载堉在其父去世后,向皇帝连上七疏,辞掉了郑王王位。
明朝少了一位王爷,中国历史上却多了一位可以被称为科学家的世界文化名人。这位无意于政治的王爷在许多方面取得了丰硕的成就。朱载堉留下的文字著述有100多万字,内容涉及音乐、天文、历法、数学、文学等众多领域,被著名的科学史家李约瑟称为“东方文艺复兴式的圣人”。……