李生红 易子钧 卢建新 张天全 黄植功

[摘 要 ]针对木薯植株在被收获过程当中,挖掘铲容易出现自身质量过大、碎土性能不佳、减轻土壤黏性差等问题,基于仿生学理论,设计了一种土拨鼠仿生挖掘铲。首先用MATLAB对土拨鼠爪趾进行曲线拟合得到其多项式函数,再在SolidWorks里面设计出土拨鼠仿生挖掘铲的三维模型。最后导入到 ANSYS Workbench中进行有限元静力学仿真分析。通过对比普通挖掘铲、实心仿生挖掘铲、空心仿生挖掘铲的应力应变情况,选择出一种满足设计要求的实心挖掘铲。对比分析结果得到:实心仿生挖掘铲拥有良好的力学性能、使用寿命及较好的质量。
[关键词]木薯植株;挖掘铲;仿生;有限元静力学分析
[中图分类号]S225.71 [文献标志码]A [文章编号]2095–6487(2021)06–00–02
[Abstract]In the process of cassava plant harvesting, the digging shovel is prone to the problems of excessive weight, poor soil crushing performance and poor soil viscosity. Based on the bionics theory, a bionic digging shovel of woodchuck is designed. Firstly, the polynomial function of the claw toe of the groundhog is obtained by curve fitting with MATLAB, and then the three-dimensional model of the bionic digging shovel of the groundhog is designed in SolidWorks. Finally, it is imported into ANSYS Workbench for finite element static simulation analysis. By comparing the stress and strain of ordinary digging shovel, solid bionic digging shovel and hollow bionic digging shovel, a solid digging shovel meeting the design requirements is selected. The results show that the solid bionic excavator has good mechanical properties, service life and good quality.
[Keywords]cassava plant; Digging shovel; bionics; Finite element static analysis
在木薯产业中,收获木薯的方式会对其产生重要的影响,随着木薯种植面积的不断扩大,仅仅只依靠手工收割方式已经无法满足收获大量木薯的需求。现如今我国木薯农业发展潮流的主要趋势是木薯收获的机械化,挖掘铲作为木薯收获机整机结构中的核心部分之一,其性能好坏将直接影响到木薯收获机的收获效率以及机械性能。目前市面上常见的挖掘铲存在阻力过大、土壤残留过多等问题,因此设计可靠实用的挖掘铲对实现木薯收割机械化具有极其重要的意义。
2013年12月,邹翔翔等人发现当前木薯收获机的挖掘铲存在质量过重以及入土、碎土困难的问题,以东方蝼蛄前足趾爪作为原型,设计了一种仿生挖掘铲,该铲具有较好的抗疲劳强度和良好的入土性能,同时降低了作业中所受牵引阻力。……