基于地理信息系统的贵州省草地空间分布分析

聂祥琴 杨胜会 杨琴 张淑炜 陈可可 陈关飞 程华 赵学春 董瑞 李舟 魏建洲 金宝成

摘 要：以貴州省草地为研究对象，基于贵州省30米分辨率地表覆盖数据集，运用地理信息系统、相关分析和主成分回归分析方法，探索了贵州省天然草地空间分布及其影响因素。发现贵州省草地面积约178.51万公顷，约占贵州省国土面积1/10，主要分布于西部地区的毕节、安顺、六盘水和兴义等市。草地主要分布于低温、高湿和高海拔的条件下，与人类活动强度相关性较小。贵州省草地是森林植被遭到人为破坏后形成的次生草地，在温度较高、海拔较低的区域，经过人类破坏后形成的草地，可以迅速向灌木和林地演替，在温度较低、降水较多、海拔较高的地区正向演替困难，能够形成比较稳定的次生草地，形成草地主要分布于温度较低、海拔较高，湿冷的环境空间格局。希望本研究能够为更好地开发利用贵州省草地资源提供一定的决策支持。

关键词：贵州省;天然草地;群落演替;主成分回归分析

中图分类号：S812.8

文献标识码：A

文章编号：1008-0457（2021）03-0029-07

国际DOI编码：10.15958/j.cnki.sdnyswxb.2021.03.005

A GIS Based Spatial Distribution Analysis of Grassland in Guizhou Province

NIE Xiangqin1，2，YANG Shenghui1，3，YANG Qin1，ZHANG Shuwei1，CHEN Keke1，CHEN Guanfei1，CHENG Hua4，ZHAO Xuechun1，DONG Rui1，LI Zhou1，WEI Jianzhou5 ，JIN Baocheng1*

（1.College of Animal Science，Guizhou University，Guiyang，Guizhou 550025，China;2.Fujian Agriculture And Forestry University Key Lab of Soil Ecosystem Health and Regulation，Fujian Agriculture And Forestry University，Fuzhou，Fujian 350002，China;3.State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agroecosystems/College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology，Lanzhou University，Lanzhou，Gansu 730020，China;4.School of Life Sciences，Lanzhou University，Lanzhou，Gansu 730000，China;5.Center for Quantitative Biology/College of Science，Gansu Agricultural University，Lanzhou，Gansu 730000，China）

Abstract：

This paper took grassland in Guizhou province as research object，and the spatial distribution of natural grassland and their influencing factors were explored using GIS methods，correlation analysis and principal component analysis based on the 30-meter resolution land cover data set of Guizhou province.The results showed that the grassland of Guizhou province was about 1，785，100 hectares，accounting for about 1/10 of the territory of Guizhou province.The grassland of Guizhou province mainlydistributed in Bijie，Anshun，Liupanshui，and Xingyi.Grassland mainly distributed under the conditions of low temperature，high humidity and high altitude，and had no correlation with the intensity of human activities.The grassland in Guizhou province was the secondary grassland formed after the destruction of forest vegetation by human factors.In the regions with higher temperature and lower altitude，the grassland formed after the destruction of human beings can be quicklyreplaced by shrub and forest.However，the progressive succession was difficult for areas with low temperature，high precipitation and high altitude，forming relatively stable secondary grassland and the specific wet-cold environment spatial distributed pattern.We hoped that this study can provide decision support for the better development and utilization of grassland resources in Guizhou province.

Keywords：

Guizhou Province;natural grassland;community succession;principal component analysis

草地种类繁多，空间分布广泛，是陆地生态系统的重要组成部分[1-3]。草地在经济、生态和社会等方面均具有较高的价值[4- 5]。草地生态系统向人类社会提供大量的植物资源、畜牧产品[6-7]。南方草地多属于热带和亚热带湿润气候，水热资源丰富，草山草坡面积大，具有发展草地农业的巨大潜力[8]。贵州省位于中国西南部，属于比较典型的南方草地，草地资源丰富[9-10]，草地资源类型主要有山地丘陵灌木草丛类草地、山地丘陵疏林草丛类草地、山地丘陵草丛类草地、低地草甸类草地、山地草甸类草地、平原沼泽类草地[11]。……