【问】 编辑老师,您能给我讲一下whoever引导的名词性从句的用法吗?
(安徽蚌埠 董芷琦)
【答】 whoever的意思为“任何……的人”,在意义上大致相当于 anybody who。whoever在从句中可用作主语或宾语。如:
I'll take whoever wants to go. 谁想去我就带谁去。
She can marry whoever she chooses. 她愿意嫁谁就嫁谁。
Whoever wants the book may have it. 任何人要这书都可以拿去。
Whoever breaks this law deserves a fine. 违反法律者应予以罚款。
I'll give the ticket to whoever wants it. 谁想要这票,我就把它给谁。
注:(1) whoever 既用作主格也用作宾语(做宾语时不宜用whomever,因为在现代英语中whomever已几乎不用)。
(2) 注意以下受汉语意思影响而弄错的句子。如:
误:Who wins can get a prize. / Anyone wins can get a prize. 谁赢了都可以获奖。
正:Whoever wins can get a prize. / Anyone who wins can get a prize.
【问】 编辑老师,在表语从句中that ,why 与 because的用法很容易混淆,应该怎样进行区分呢?
(内蒙古呼和浩特 孟鹏天)
【答】 它们在引导表语从句中的确很容易混淆,区别如下:
(1) 當主语是reason(原因)时,后面的表语从句的引导词通常用that。如:
The reason why he didn't attend the party yesterday is that he hasn't come back yet. 他昨天没有参加聚会是因为他还没有回来。
注:在现代英语中,有时也用 because,但不如用 that普遍。
(2) why和because都可引导表语从句,但前者强调结果,后者强调原因。如:
I had neither a raincoat nor an umbrella. That's why I got wet all through. 我既没穿雨衣,也没带雨伞,所以全身都淋湿了。
=I got wet all through. That's because I had neither a raincoat nor an umbrella.
【问】 编辑老师,动词help后省略to的用法有哪些呢?您能给我列举一些吗?
(山东淄博 齐云翔)
【答】 在动词help后用作宾语或宾语补足语的不定式可以不带to。如:
Can I help (to) carry this heavy box? 我可以帮忙扛这个重箱子吗?
Mother helped me (to) do my homework. 妈妈帮助我做作业。
注:(1) 当help之后接一个较长的名词词组做宾语或当其中的不定式所表示的动作主语不直接参加时,不定式通常带to。如:
Help the little boys at the back of the hall to carry the chairs out. 请帮大厅后面那些小男孩把椅子搬出去。
(2) 在当help用于被动语态时,不定式前的to不能省略。如:
The boy was helped by a woman to collect his scattered coins. 那个妇女帮这个男孩捡拾散乱一地的钱币。