基于人因工程的高校教室设施设备优化建议

刘俊艳　辛圣瑶

摘要：应用人因工程的知识原理和方法，以青岛科技法学某教室为例，研究了教室座椅尺寸、黑板摆放位置、讲台设计等硬件条件，发现教室桌椅存在桌面、座椅、桌椅配套设计不合理等弊端，讲台、黑板设施也均存在设计缺陷。最终对课桌椅7项指标提出改善意见，讲台高度上调10 cm并将打开式键盘放置方式替换为直接放置于讲台面上或缩减讲台宽度10 cm，用弧形黑板替换现有黑板的改进措施。结果表明：人因工程的知识原理和方法可以很好的用于高校设施设备的优化改进，是一种按照人的特性设计和改进人机环境系统的科学。

关键词：人因工程;教室改善;方法应用;座椅尺寸;讲台设计;黑板投影

中图分类号：TS 972文献标识码：A文章编号：1672-7312（2021）03-0281-07

Suggestions on Optimizing Classroom Facilities and Equipment of

Colleges Classroom Based on Human Factors EngineeringLIU Junyan，XIN Shengyao

（Qingdao University of Science and Technology  School of Economics and Management，Qingdao 266061，China）

Abstract：.The knowledge principles and methods of human factors engineering was applied，taking Qingdao University of science and technology as a case study，to  comprehensively analyze the hardware conditions such as the size of classroom seats，the position of blackboard，and the of the platform and blackboard has its defecst.The paper put forward suggestions for improving the seven indicators of desks and chairs.The platform height is increased by 10 cm，and the open keyboard is placed on the podium or reduce the platform width by 10 cm，and replace the existing blackboard with arc blackboard.The results show that：the knowledge principle and method of human factors engineering can be used for the optimization and improvement of university facilities and equipment，and it is a science to design and improve manmachine environment system according to human characteristics.

Key words：Human factors engineering;Classroom improvement;Method application;Seat size;Podium design;Blackboard projection

0引言

教室是教師授课、学生学习的主要场所，随着当代科学技术的蓬勃发展，多媒体技术越来越多地运用于高校的教学管理与实践工作中＼[1＼]，它以图文并茂、声像俱佳、动静皆宜的表现形式，将高校的教学代入了一种全新的领域，深受教师和学生的欢迎＼[2＼]。在教学质量与内容得到不断提高与扩展的同时，教学的隐形资源中的诸多不足却被忽略，诸如课桌椅、讲台、黑板等设施设备的尺寸、形状设计不合理均会严重降低个人学习效率。

第3期刘俊艳等：基于人因工程的高校教室设施设备优化建议人因工程学（Human Factors）是一门以心理学、生理学、生物力学、人体测量、计算机科学、系统科学等多学科原理和……