茶树上的跳跃健将——可可广翅蜡蝉

2021-09-10 07:22:44肖强王志博杨晨
中国茶叶 2021年3期

肖强 王志博 杨晨

摘要: 可可广翅蜡蝉(Ricania cacaonis Chou et Lu)隶属半翅目,广蜡蝉科,是一种茶园较常见的蜡蝉类害虫。主要分布于我国广东、海南、湖南、浙江和江苏等省,以若虫、成虫刺吸茶树嫩梢、叶片的汁液为害。文章介绍了可可广翅蜡蝉的分类地位与分布、形态特征、生活习性与危害、防治措施等内容,供茶树植保工作者参考。

关键词:可可广翅蜡蝉;形态特征;生活习性;防治方法

The Jumping Master in Tea Plants——

Ricania cacaonis Chou et Lu

XIAO Qiang1, WANG Zhibo1, YANG Chen2

1. Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Tea Quality and Safety Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hangzhou 310008, China; 2. Hangzhou Ruikun Technology Co., Ltd., Hangzhou 310052, China

Abstract: Ricania cacaonis (Hemiptera: Ricaniidae) is a common pest in tea garden. In China, it mainly distributed in the provinces of Guangdong, Hainan, Hunan, Zhejiang and Jiangsu. Ricania cacaonis did harm to tea through sucking the juice of shoots and leaves by piercing-sucking mouthparts in the stages of nymph and adult. In this paper, the classification status and distribution, morphological characteristics, living habits and hazards, prevention and control measures were described in order to provide a reference for tea plant protection.

Keywords: Ricania cacaonis, morphological characteristics, habits, control measures

2020年8月在浙江省浦江縣的一山区茶园,可可广翅蜡蝉严重发生。走进茶园可以看到,整个茶树枝条上布满成虫(图1)。可可广翅蜡蝉在茶树上以若虫和成虫刺吸枝叶及分泌蜡丝、蜜露为害,致使茶树枝梢生长不良、叶片发黄、芽及花蕾枯萎,严重者可致茶叶卷曲,叶片色泽暗淡无光,甚至脱落。同时,可可广翅蜡蝉还可通过雌成虫在嫩茎组织产卵,形成较深的刻痕,导致枝条腐烂直至枯萎,影响茶树的生长[1]。

一、分类地位与分布

可可广翅蜡蝉(Ricania cacaonis Chou et Lu)隶属半翅目(Hemiptera),蜡蝉总科(Fulgoroidea),广蜡蝉科(Ricaniidae),广翅蜡蝉属(Ricania),是一种茶园较常见的蜡蝉类害虫[2]。主要分布于我国广东、海南、湖南、贵州、浙江和江苏等省[1-3],寄主包括可可、桃、杨梅、柑橘、水杉、樟树、广玉兰、茶树等[4-5]。

二、形态特征

1. 成虫

可可广翅蜡蝉成虫体长6~8 mm,翅展18~23 mm,体褐色至深褐色,背面颜色稍深,披黄褐色蜡粉。头、胸及足黄褐色,额角黄色。头宽小于胸部,头顶有5个并排的褐色圆斑。触角刚毛状,复眼褐色或黑褐色。前胸背板具中脊,两边点刻明显,中胸背板具纵脊3条,中脊长而直,侧脊从中间向前分叉,二内叉内斜端部相互靠近,外叉短,基部略断开。……

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