氯胺酮检测进展

2021-09-10 08:17:52李国辉邱云亮赵旻玥夏亦添江卓欣魏凤姣
国际商业技术 2021年10期

李国辉 邱云亮 赵旻玥 夏亦添 江卓欣 魏凤姣

摘  要:氯胺酮是苯环己哌啶(PCP)的衍生物,是非竞争性N-甲基-D-天门冬氨酸(NMDA)受体拮抗剂,是一种静脉全麻药,也是一种目前在青少年人群中广泛流行的毒品。近年来,建立快速有效的检测氯胺酮的分析方法依旧是国内外学者研究的热点,学者普遍关注的是如何大幅缩短分析时间、增加样本中氯胺酮的提取量以及提高检测的灵敏度。目前有效的检测手段主要有免疫分析法和色谱法,两种方法各有优劣。文章综述了近年来两种方法检测氯胺酮的研究进展,并对将来应用于各个行业的前景做出展望。

关键词:氯胺酮;法医毒物学;免疫分析法;色谱检测法;

Abstract: Ketamine is a derivative of phencyclidine (PCP) and a non-competitive N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist. It is an intravenous general anesthetic and is currently used in adolescents. Drugs that are widespread in China. In recent years, the establishment of a rapid and effective analytical method for the detection of ketamine is still a hot spot for scholars at home and abroad. Scholars are generally concerned about how to greatly shorten the analysis time, increase the amount of ketamine extracted in the sample, and improve the sensitivity of detection. At present, the effective detection methods mainly include immunoassay and chromatography, and both methods have their own advantages and disadvantages. This article reviews the research progress of the two methods for the detection of ketamine in recent years, and makes prospects for future applications in various industries.

Keywords: Ketamine; Forensic Toxicology; Immunoassay; Chromatographic Detection Method;

1前言

氯胺酮(Ketamine)學名2-氯苯-2-甲基胺环已酮(图1),俗称K粉,于1962年由Stevens制备成功,以替代毒副作用较大的苯环己哌啶类(PCP)麻醉药,后被用于战争创伤外科手术麻醉药及临床手术麻醉剂或麻醉诱导剂;因其具有致幻作用,在世界范围内被广为滥用。并于1973年开始在国内生产[1]。在我国,氯胺酮的滥用日趋严重,尤其在一些歌舞厅等娱乐场所较多见,使用群体以青少年为主,滥用方式主要经鼻、口吸食,通常与海洛因、大麻等毒品合并使用。因此氯胺酮的检测是近年来的研究热点,快速、高效的检测手段可以为毒品、禁毒、侦破案件一线提供有效的帮助,本文对近年来氯胺酮的先进检测手段进行综述。

从近年的文献来看,关于氯胺酮检测方法的研究主要集中在色谱法和免疫分析法两方面。……

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