杨树无性系木材制浆性能的综合评价

秦乃花 于晓燕 魏娟 舒秀阁 杜庆松 秦光华 董玉峰

摘要以6年生杨树无性系鲁林1号（P.בLulin-1’）、I-107（P.×euramericana cv.‘74/76’）和L35 （P.×euramericana cv.‘L35’）为试验材料，通过大田试验对其木材的纤维形态、化学组分、浆料性能和纸张质量进行了研究。结果表明，不同无性系木材的纤维长度、纤维宽度和长宽比存在一定差异，其中无性系鲁林1号的纤维长度和长宽比为1.153 mm和49.5，分别为I-107的98.8%和106.0%，分别为L35的99.74%和99.74%;无性系鲁林1号木材的化学组分中综纤维素和纤维素含量较高，木素和戊聚糖等含量较低，同时其浆料白度及强度性能各项指标优良;此外，无性系鲁林1号的纸张具有较好的抗张指数与耐破指数，总体纸张质量介于I-107与L35之间。综合分析认为，杨树无性系鲁林1号适合配抄各种中高档文化用纸。

关键词杨树无性系;纸浆材;纤维形态;制浆性能;综合评价

Abstract：In this study， three 6-year-old poplar clones of lu lin yi hao （P.בLulin-1’），I-107（P.×euramericana cv.‘74/76’）and L35 （P.×euramericana cv.‘L35’） were used as trial material in a field experiment. The study was conducted to determine the fiber morphology， chemical constituents， pulping properties and paper quality of poplar clones. The results indicated that there were some differences in fiber length， fiber width and length-width ratio among different clones， and the values of fiber length and length-width ratio in clonelu lin yi hao （P.בLulin-1’） were 1.153 mmand 49.5， showing 98.8% and 106.0% increases in comparison with I-107（P.×euramericana cv.‘74/76’） ， as well as 99.74%and 99.74% increases compared with L35 （P.×euramericana cv.‘L35’）， respectively. The contents of holocellulose and cellulose in chemical components of clonelu lin yi hao （P.בLulin-1’） were higher than the other clones， whereas the contents of lignin and pentosan were lower. Meanwhile， the whiteness and strength properties of the pulp were excellent. Moreover， the paper of clone lu lin yi hao （P.בLulin-1’） had better tensile index and rupture index， and the overall paper quality was between I-107 and L35. In conclusion， poplar clone lu lin yi hao （P.בLulin-1’） is suitable to application for all kinds of medium and high grade cultural paper.

Keywords：poplar clones; pulpwood; fiber morphology; pulping property; integrative evaluation

楊树是杨柳科（Salicaceae）杨属（Populus）树种的统称，是世界性重要人工林栽培树种，也是我国黄淮海地区重要的速生丰产林树种，具有生长快、成才早，材色洁、易漂白，纸张具有白色度高、不透明，吸收能力强等优良特性，纸浆得率达80～85%，被普遍认为是制造中、高档纸的重要原料，杨木在木浆原料中约占35%。目前，我国杨树人工林面积达700多万hm2，占全国人工林总面积的19%，超过世界其他国家杨树人工林面积的总和[2]。山东省杨树人工林种植面已达40余万 hm2，每年生产木材60余万 m3，对缓解山东省木材供需紧张矛盾发挥了巨大作用[1]。

随着我国制浆造纸需求量的不断增大，促使杨树培育由粗放型向集约型和定向型培育转变[2]。……