云南永德大雪山国家级自然保护区森林资源现状及评价

姜健发 张士平 王有兵 李金亮

摘要：基于永德县2019年森林资源管理“一张图”和云南永德大雪山国家级自然保护区界线，利用gis软件，对该保护区区域的森林资源现状进行分析和评价。结果表明：（1）林地占保护区面积比例约为100%，森林覆盖率为99.33%;（2）森林以天然林为主，乔木林以栎类林为主、优势树种以栎类、铁杉、桤木为主;（3）林地活立木公顷蓄积相对较高，乔木林中幼龄林、中熟林、近熟林所占比重较大，过熟林所占比例相对较小，表明林木正处于较快生长阶段，森林生态系统生态价值正在提升;（4）保护区以阔叶林为主，针叶林为辅，生物多样性丰富，生态系统服务价值较高;（5）保护区海拔相差较大，植被从季雨林到亚高山灌丛草甸，便于科学考察研究和探险等生态旅游活动;（6）保护区以国有林为主，集体林为辅。集体林主要分布于实验区，实验区管控相对较松，便于管理。集体林在缓冲区、核心区分布较少，人为干扰较小，对防范森林火灾、病虫害、保护森林资源等方面压力较小。

关键词：云南永德大雪山国家级自然保护区;森林资源现状及评价;

Abstract： Based on the “One Picture” of Forest Resource Management in Yongde County in 2019 and the boundaries of the Daxue Mountain National Nature Reserve in Yongde， Yunnan， using gis software to analyze and evaluate the status of forest resources in the protected area. The results showed that： （1） The proportion of forest land in the protected area was about 100%， and the forest coverage rate was 99.33%; （2） The forest was mainly natural forest， the arbor forest was mainly oak forest， and the dominant tree species was oak and iron Cunninghamia lanceolata and alder are mainly; （3） The accumulation of standing trees per hectare of forest land is relatively high. The proportion of young forest， middle-mature forest and near-mature forest in arbor forest is relatively large， and the proportion of over-mature forest is relatively small， indicating Forest trees are in a relatively rapid growth stage， and the ecological value of forest ecosystems is increasing; （4） The protected area is dominated by broad-leaved forests， supplemented by coniferous forests， with rich biodiversity and high ecosystem service value; （5） Conservation There is a big difference in altitude in the area. The vegetation ranges from monsoon forests to subalpine shrub meadows， which is convenient for scientific investigation and exploration and other eco-tourism activities; （6） The protected areas are mainly state-owned forests， supplemented by collective forests. Collective forests are mainly distributed in experimental areas， which are relatively loosely controlled and easy to manage. Collective forests are less distributed in buffer zones and core areas， with less human interference， and less pressure on preventing forest fires， pests and diseases， and protecting forest resources.

Key words： Yunnan Yongde Daxueshan National Nature Reserve; forest resources status and evaluation;

森林資源是地球上最重要的生态系统，参与和影响着地球化学循环，是生物多样性的基础，它不仅为人为生产和生活提供多种木材、原材料和生活物品，更重要的是在调节气候、涵养水源、保持水土、防风固沙，防止、减轻旱涝、风沙、冰雹等自然灾害，净化空气、消除噪音等方面起着重要的作用[1-3];同时森林还是“物种基因库”，哺育着大部分的生物物种。……