广西田东县壮族中学生消化不良的调查

罗致 胡鲜香 雷有庆 黄贵兴 黄秋泉 莫燕凤 罗凤秀

【摘要】 目的 調查广西田东县壮族中学生消化不良的发病情况及其影响因素，为该地区少数民族中学生人群消化不良的防治提供一定的理论依据。

方法 采用随机整群抽样方法抽样。应用儿童功能性胃肠病罗马Ⅲ调查问卷和青少年自我报告表对3000名田东县壮族中学生进行面访式调查。采用卡方检验、秩和检验比较组间差异。采用logistic回归分析进行相关性分析。

结果 （1）共发放问卷2972份，回收有效问卷2883份（97.01%），田东县壮族中学生消化不良的总体患病率为3.47%;（2）消化不良患者中上腹痛发生频率36.00%（36/100）最高，其次为腹胀24.00%（24/100），烧灼感发生频率仅为9.00%（9/100）;（3）女生患病率高于男生;女生初潮年龄较早者及月经不规律者患病率高;（4）学习生活因素中学习任务与压力的感受、熬夜学习、失眠、情绪沮丧或低落及睡眠时间少与消化不良症状发作密切相关（P<0.05）;饮食习惯中的喜酸、喜生冷食品、进餐时间不规律、经常不吃早餐和喝茶等与消化不良发作关系密切（P<0.05）;（5）logistic多因素回归分析结果显示：月经不规律、进餐时间不规律、喝茶是消化不良发病的危险因素。

结论 消化不良症状在田东县壮族中学生人群中较为常见，主要受性别、学习压力、失眠、情绪及饮食习惯影响。

【关键词】 消化不良;流行病学;壮族;中学生人群;广西

中图分类号：R57    文献标志码：A   DOI：10.3969/j.issn.1003-1383.2021.07.012

【Abstract】 Objective To investigate the prevalence and influencing factors of dyspepsia among Zhuang middle school students in Tiandong county， so as to provide a certain theoretical basis for the prevention and control of dyspepsia among middle school students of ethnic minority in this region.

Methods Cluster stratified random sampling method was used in this study. Rome Ⅲ questionnaire of children functional gastrointestinal disorders and adolescent self-report form were carried out on 3000 Zhuang middle school students in Tiandong county through interview survey. Chi square test and rank sum test were used to compared differences between groups， and correlation analysis was performed by logisitic regression analysis.

Results （1） A total of 2972 Rome Ⅲ questionnaires were distributed， of which 2883 （97.01%） qualified questionnaires were retrieved. The overall prevalence of dyspepsia in Zhuang middle school students in Tiandong county was 3.47%. （2） The most common symptoms of dyspepsia in students were abdominal pain （36.00%， 36/100）， followed by abdominal distension （24.00%， 24/100）， and the frequency of burning sensation was only （9.00%， 9/100）. （3） The prevalence of dyspepsia was higher in girls than in boys， and girls with earlier menarche and irregular menstruation had higher prevalence. （4） Among the learning and life factors， learning task and pressure， staying up late to study， insomnia， frustrated or depressed mood and less sleep time were closely related to dyspepsia （P < 0.05）; and preference for sour and cold food， irregular meals， frequent absence of breakfast and tea drinking were also closely related to dyspepsia（P < 0.05）. （5） Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that irregular menstruation， irregular meals， and tea drinking were risk factors for dyspepsia.

Conclusion Dyspepsia is common in Zhuang middle school students in Tiandong county， which is mainly affected by gender， learning pressure， insomnia， mood， and eating habits.

【Key words】 dyspepsia; epidemiology; Zhuang population; middle school students; Guangxi

消化不良（dyspepsia）是临床上常见的一组上腹部症状。研究发现，大多数以消化不良为主诉的患者最终诊断为功能性消化不良（functional dyspepsia，FD）[1]。FD是一种常见多发病，目前，全球人群的消化不良患病率为5.3%～20.4%[2]。国内外针对FD的病因及其影响因素做了大量研究，目前国内有关FD患病情况的研究主要来自部分发达地区的一般人群，但是，针对农村地区和不同民族的人群研究少见，尤其是边远地区少数民族或不同年龄人群的研究甚少。……