高烟碱烤烟种质资源再鉴定及遗传多样性分析

蒋勋 杨全柳 刘国祥 佟英 范静苑 王俊 李媛 王琰琰 戴培刚 张兴伟

摘 要：低糖、高烟碱烟叶对降低卷烟焦油和提高卷烟劲头、香气至关重要，也是电子烟、口含烟等新型烟草制品的重要原料。为筛选高烟碱烤烟种质资源，对国家烟草种质资源中期库30份原标记为高烟碱的烤烟种质资源进行了化学成分再鉴定，筛选得到春雷一號、毕金一号、8100、I-35、广东黄（1）、辽烟十四号和NC729共7份高烟碱、低糖种质。同时基于农艺性状和化学成分等表型性状对30份高烟碱种质材料进行遗传多样性分析表明，供试种质数量性状的变异系数为12.79%～44.60%，遗传多样性指数为1.97～2.35，具有较高的遗传多样性。对表型数据进行主成分分析和聚类分析，将供试群体聚类成5个类群，每个类群的种质均具有显著的表型特征，其中类群Ⅰ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ可作为低糖、高烟碱品种的候选群体。

关键词：烟碱;种质资源;烤烟;遗传分析

Abstract： Low sugar and high nicotine contents in tobacco leaves are very important in reducing tar content of cigarettes and improving the strength and aroma of tobacco products. It is also an important raw material of new tobacco products such as e-cigarettes and oral cigarettes. In order to screen high nicotinic flue-cured tobacco germplasm resources， the chemical composition of 30 flue-cured tobacco germplasm resources originally labeled as high nicotinic were reidentified in the national tobacco germplasm Repository. Seven high nicotinic and low sugar germplasm were obtained including Chunleiyihao， Bijinyihao， 8100， I-35， Guangdonghuang （1）， Liaoyanshisihao， and NC729. The genetic diversity of 30 high nicotinic germplasm materials was analyzed based on agronomic and chemical traits. The results showed that the coefficient of variation of quantitative traits was 12.79%-44.60% and the genetic diversity index was 1.97-2.35， which showed a high genetic diversity. Based on phenotypic data， principal component analysis， and cluster analysis， the selected germplasm were clustered into five groups. Each group has significant phenotypic traits， with groups Ⅰ， Ⅲ， Ⅳ being classified as low sugar， high nicotine varieties.

Keywords： nicotine; germplasm resources; flue-cured tobacco; genetic analysis

烟碱是烟草特有的生物碱，占烟叶总植物碱的90%～95%[1]，常用作杀虫剂、植物生长调节剂的复配成分[2]及烟酸的化工原料[3]。烟碱含量是烤烟的重要品质性状[4]，其范围一般为1.5%～3.5%;低于1.5%，评吸劲头不足，高于3.5%，评吸劲头太强。烟碱含量高于3.5%即为高烟碱含量烤烟[5]。现代卷烟工业通过高效截留滤嘴、膨胀烟丝、高透盘纸等物理手段来实现降焦减害，却导致卷烟的吸味变淡、劲头变小。烟叶总糖是产生卷烟焦油的主要来源，因此选用低糖、高烟碱的烟叶材料可以降低卷烟焦油含量，同时保证卷烟的劲头和香气[6]。另外，传统卷烟对吸食者的健康具有一定危害性，促使安全性更高的电子烟和无烟气烟草制品快速发展[7]。……