马一鸣 储继君 吕晓春 孙凤莲



摘要: 针对Sn58Bi钎料高温易粗化与脆性的问题,采用感应熔炼方法制备钎料,研究了Ag,Sb元素添加对Sn58Bi钎料时效处理前后的组织与维氏硬度的影响。结果表明,Sn58Bi钎料在时效过程中,树枝晶Bi元素扩散进入等轴晶的Bi相中,进而造成了钎料组织的粗化;Ag的添加可细化组织、提高钎料时效处理前后的钎料硬度,Sb的添加可细化时效前组织并降低时效处理前后的钎料硬度,而Ag和Sb的共同添加使组织的粗化,并降低时效前硬度、提高时效后硬度。
关键词: Sn58Bi; 无铅钎料; 微观组织; 显微硬度
中图分类号: TG 425
Effect of Ag and Sb on microstructure and hardness ofSn58Bi solder after aging treatment
Ma Yiming1, Chu Jijun1, Lü Xiaochun1, 2, Sun Fenglian2
(1.Harbin Welding Institute Co., Ltd., Harbin 150028, Heilongjiang, China; 2. Harbin University of Science and Technology, Harbin 150080, Heilongjiang, China)
Abstract: Aiming at the problem of easy coarsening and brittleness at high temperature for Sn58Bi solder, the solder was prepared by induction melting. The influence of Ag and Sb elements on the morphology and Vickers hardness of Sn58Bi solder after aging treatment was studied. The results showed that during the aging process of Sn58Bi solder,the Bi element of dendritic crystal diffused into the Bi phase of equiaxial crystal, thus causing the coarsening of solder microstructure. The addition of Ag could refine the structure and improve the solder hardness before and after aging treatment, the addition of Sb could refine the solder structure and reduce the solder hardness before and after aging treatment, while the joint addition of Ag and Sb could coarsene the microstructure, and reduced the welded hardness and improved the aging hardness.
Key words: Sn58Bi; lead-free solder; microstructure; microhardness
基金項目:国家重点研发计划(2019YFF0217404)
0 前言
当下电子工业发展迅速,微电子产品已经涉及到人们生活中的方方面面,信息行业、通讯行业、能源行业等都离不开电子技术。电子技术的高密度和高性能特点,使其正逐渐进入超高速发展时期。但由于各国对于禁止Pb的使用立法也已实施[1-3],以及“中国制造2025”对绿色焊接的要求[4],均促进了无铅钎料的应用。同时,由于而大量微型器件的应用,因材料热膨胀系数不同带来的翘曲、变形,导致的开裂、桥连及球窝等失效风险越来越大[5]。因此,新时期对Sn基钎料提出了无铅与降低熔点的要求。
Sn-Bi系钎料因其较低的熔点、对电子元器件的适用性好、成本低的优点[6-7],有望成为现阶段普遍使用的Sn-Ag-Cu系钎料的替代品,但因其组织脆性与易粗化等方面的不足制约了该体系钎料的应用[8-9]。Suganuma等人[10]通过热计算,指出Sn57Bi中初生Ag3Sn形成的边界含量约为0.8%,并证明了添加1.0%的Ag可形成较大的初生Ag3Sn沉淀,而在Sn57Bi0.5Ag中未发现初生Ag3Sn。……