配方施肥对南洋楹无性系种子园种子产量和品质的影响

2021-09-13 11:56:13晏姝胡德活韦如萍王润辉陈坚黄光亮郑会全
山地农业生物学报 2021年4期

晏姝 胡德活 韦如萍 王润辉 陈坚 黄光亮 郑会全

摘 要:以我国首个南洋楹Paraserianthes falcataria(L.)Nielsen无性系种子园为对象,根据南洋楹种子园土壤养分状况和南洋楹树种生理生殖特征,采用6因子混合水平正交设计L18(61×35)设置了18种田间施肥试验组合对种子园母株进行施肥效应研究。结果发现,不同配方施肥处理后荚果重量和种子重量分别是对照(不施肥)的1.54~5.92倍和1.90~4.01倍,发芽率增幅达9.5%~75.7%。不同施肥元素对南洋楹产种量和种子品质相关指标的影响各不相同,一定范围内较高浓度的大量元素(N、P、K)及B肥有助于提高产种量指标,2种微量元素(B、Mo)及K肥对种子品质相关指标影响显著。综合分析认为,南洋楹种子园高产优质施肥配方为N3P2K2B3Mo2,即“每株施尿素400 g+过磷酸钙1000 g+氯化钾160 g+硼砂80 g+钼酸氨5 g”。

关键词:南洋楹;无性系种子园;配方施肥;种子产量指标;种子品质指标

中图分类号:S722.8

文献标识码:A

文章编号:1008-0457(2021)04-0024-07

国际DOI编码:10.15958/j.cnki.sdnyswxb.2021.04.004

Abstract:The experiment of formula fertilization was carried out in the clonal seed orchard of Paraserianthes falcataria (L.) Nielsen.According to the soil nutrient status and specie physiological characteristics,18 kinds of field fertilization combinations were set up by six-factor mixed horizontal orthogonal design L18 (61×35).The results showed that the pod weight and seed weight of P.falcataria applied with different fertilization treatments were 1.54~5.92 times and 1.90~4.01 times of the control (no fertilization),respectively.The germination rate of P.falcataria also increased by 9.5%~75.7% compared with the control.Different fertilization elements had different effects on the related indexes of seed yield and quality.Higher concentrations of N,P,K and B within a certain range could improve seed yield,and B,Mo and K had significant effects on the related indexes of seed quality.In conclusion,the high yield and quality fertilization formula was as follows:urea 400 g + calcium superphosphate 1000 g + potassium chloride 160 g + borax 80 g + ammonium molybdate 5 g for per plant.

Keywords:Paraserianthes falcataria;clonal seed orchard;formula fertilization;seed yield;seed quality

南洋楹Paraserianthes falcataria ( L.) Nielsen是热带亚热带地区重要的速生用材树种[1],其根系可自主固氮培肥,在林业生态建设方面亦具有重要应用价值。南洋楹自然分布于马来西亚的马六甲和印度尼西亚的马鲁古群岛,我国自1940 年开始引进该树种,早期主要作为行道树或遮荫树种用,上世纪90年代末则进行了规模化引种试验,并启动种源家系试验、优良品系选择、繁育和栽培技术工作等[2-5]。历经30年的努力,我国在南洋楹良种选育与高效培育研究方面取得了可喜进展,选育的系列优良品系和制定的相关标准推动了我国南洋楹短周期工业原料林建设发展及林地可持续的经营,建成了国内首个南洋楹无性系种子园并投入生产,为该树种良种规模化生产与应用奠定了重要基础[6]。……

登录APP查看全文