台湾地区农村土地管理促进乡村振兴的探索及启示

戴伟娟

摘 要：【目的/意义】通过研究我国台湾地区农村再生行动相关的土地管理相关制度，为我国其他地区促进乡村振兴提供警示和借鉴。【方法/过程】从土地管理制度的视角，探讨我国台湾地区在促进农地规模经营、推动农村产业融合发展、促使人才回流农村、控制农地非农化利用等方面的成功经验和失败教训，并结合我国大陆的土地管理制度，提出政策建议。【结果/结论】研究认为，应充分发挥集体经济制度优越性，推动农地规模经营;放松对农业设施用地的限制，促进农业的现代化;重新界定农业休闲用地性质，促进农村产业融合;创新土地管理，促进各类人才回流;严格限制非农户取得耕地，坚持农民主体地位。

关键词：乡村振兴;台湾地区;农村土地管理;借鉴与启示

Abstract： 【Objective/Meaning】The land management system related to the rural regeneration action in Taiwan was studied in this paper， in order to provide warnings and references for the promotion of rural revitalization in other areas of China. 【Methods/Procedure】From the perspective of land management system， the successful experiences and failures in promoting the scale management of agricultural land， promoting the integrated development of rural industries， promoting the return of talents to rural areas， and controlling the non-agricultural utilization of agricultural land in Taiwan region were discussed， and then some policy suggestions were put forward by combining with the land management system in Chinese mainland. 【Results/Conclusions】The results showed that it was necessary to promote the scale management of agricultural land by giving full play to the superiority of collective economy system; promote the modernization of agriculture by loosening the restriction on the land used for agricultural facilities; promote the integration of rural industries by redefining the nature of agricultural leisure land; promote the return of all kinds of talents by innovating the land management; and maintain the dominant position of farmers by strictly restricting the non-agricultural households from acquiring the cultivated land.

Key words： rural revitalization; Taiwan; rural land management; reference and inspiration

党的十九大报告提出要实施“乡村振兴”战略。2018年2月，中央一号文件“中共中央国务院关于实施乡村振兴战略的意见”发布，把农业农村优先发展作为现代化建设的一个重大原则，把乡村振兴作为实现中华民族偉大复兴的一个重大任务，并制定出时间表，提出2020年和2035年的阶段性目标，以及到2050年全面实现“农业强、农村美、农民富”的最终目标。要达到这个目标，需要进一步改革和完善我国的土地管理制度，以适应“乡村振兴”的要求。

我国台湾地区2000年开始实施“农村再生”计划，在乡村振兴方面进行了有益探索。因为海峡两岸都实施了“耕者有其田”，农户经营规模普遍偏小，同样存在农业规模经营难题，也都存在城市化工业化带来的农村人才外流、农村发展乏力等问题。……