家用净水机的节水系统设计

武韩笑，任有志，胡涛，庞彩珠

摘要：為了解决现有复合型净水机RO反渗透滤芯工作过程中排放大量废水而造成水资源浪费的问题，设计了净水机节水系统。首先，将净水系统设计为由预处理滤芯、RO反渗透滤芯、后处理滤芯组成的多极化结构;然后，对不同级别的过滤水按照水质进行分配使用;最后，设计了废水回收系统对产生的废水进行回收利用;另外，还设计了冲洗支路，对RO反渗透滤芯进行定时冲洗。净水器件的工作状态、净水参数、滤芯更换提醒等信息均通过设计的人机交互面板予以显示。运行结果证明，净水机节水系统通过对不同级别的过滤水进行合理分配，提高了家庭用水的利用率;在产水率稳定的条件下，废水回收率超过90%;定时冲洗积垢延长了滤芯的使用寿命。设计的净水机节水系统可有效解决水资源浪费问题，并能够避免因废水排放和频繁更换滤芯造成的成本增加问题，非常适合家庭使用，具有较好的商业价值，对净水机节水研究具有一定的参考价值。

关键词：机电一体化技术;净水;节水;废水回收利用;反渗透（RO）

中图分类号：TP273文献标识码：ADOI： 10.7535/hbgykj.2021yx05009

Design of water-saving system of household water purifier

WU Hanxiao，REN Youzhi，HU Tao，PANG Caizhu

（School of Mechanical Engineering，Hebei University of Science and Technology，Shijiazhuang，Hebei 050018，China）

Abstract：In order to solve the problem that a large amount of waste water was discharged in the working process of the RO filter element of the existing composite water purifier and resulted in the waste of water resources，a water-saving system of the water purifier was designed.Firstly，the water purification system was multistaged and was composed of pretreatment filter element，RO filter element and post-treatment filter element;Then，different levels of filtered water were distributed according to the water quality;Finally，the waste water recycling system was designed to recycle the waste water;In addition，a flushing branch was designed to flush the RO filter element regularly.The working status of water purification devices，water purification parameters，filter element replacement reminder and other information were displayed through the designed human-computer interaction panel.The operation results show that the designed water-saving system of water purifier improves the utilization rate of domestic water through reasonable distribution of different levels of filtered water;Under the condition of stable water production rate，the waste water recovery rate of the water purifier is more than 90%，and the service life of the filter element is prolonged by washing and scaling regularly.The designed water-saving system of water purifier can effectively solve the problem of water resources waste，and avoid the increase of  cost caused by waste water discharge and frequent replacement of filter element，which is very suitable for family use.The design result has good commercial value，and has a certain reference value for water-saving research of water purifier.

Keywords：electromechanical integration technology;water purification;water-saving;waste water recycling;reverse osmosis（RO）

水资源是人类生存与社会发展必不可少的物质之一。由于地下水被污染、居民饮用水不达标，故净水机应运而生[1-2]。净水机是一种使用多种滤芯对自来水做进一步净化处理的装置，所以净水机质量的好坏直接影响居民家庭饮用水的安全。净水机随着科技的进步而不断发展，最初的净水机使用石英砂作为过滤层，随后出现了不锈钢滤网、普通活性炭、陶瓷滤芯等，如今又出现了微滤、超滤、纳滤、反渗透等膜分离技术，其中反渗透膜过滤是目前最好的终端过滤方式。……