木质素基超级电容器碳电极研究进展

2021-09-21 17:00:14张尊娥克力木吐鲁干孙耀宁
中国造纸 2021年12期

张尊娥 克力木?吐鲁干 孙耀宁

摘要:超级电容器是功率密度高、充放电速度快和安全可靠的绿色储能装置,其电极材料是超级电容器性能优劣的关键。可再生木质素具有含碳量高、来源广泛和成本低等优点,其通过活化、模板和纺丝等方法可制备出性能优异的木质素基超级电容器碳电极,具有较好的发展前景。本文主要介绍了木质素基超级电容器活性炭电极、模板炭电极和碳纤维电极,并对木质素基超级电容器碳电极的研究进行总结与展望,为新型高性能超级电容器电极材料的结构设计与制备提供参考。

关键词:超级电容器;木质素;活性炭电极;模板炭电极;碳纤维电极

中图分类号:TS721+.1   文献标识码:A    DOI:10.11980/j. issn.0254-508X.2021.12.016

Research Progress of Lignin-based Carbon Electrode for Supercapacitor

ZHANG Zune  KELIMU ·Tulugan *   SUN Yaoning

(Xinjiang University,Urumqi,Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region,830017)

(*E-mail :Kream0401@163. com)

Abstract: Supercapacitor was a safe and reliable green energy storage device with high power density,fast charging and discharging speed, of which the electrode material was the key to its performance . Due to the advantages of high carbon content,wide source and low cost,re? newable lignin could be used to prepare lignin-based carbon electrodes for supercapacitors by activation,template and spinning,which had a good development prospect. The lignin-based activated carbon electrode,template carbon electrode and carbon fiber electrode for superca? pacitor were introduced in this paper. The research on lignin-based carbon electrode for supercapacitors was summarized and prospected, which provided reference for the structure design and preparation of new high-performance electrode materials for supercapacitors .

Key words :supercapacitor;lignin;activated carbon electrode;template carbon electrode;carbon fiber electrode

随着化石能源的大量使用,环境污染问题日趋严重。为响应国家绿色可持续发展,超级电容器作为一种新型清洁储能装置,因循环寿命长、充放电速度快及工作范围广[1-2],引起人们广泛关注。

超级电容器主要由电极材料、隔膜、集流体和电解质4部分组成,包括双电层电容器和赝电容超级电容器两种类型[3-5]。双电层电容器能够在电极材料表面通过离子吸附和脱附来实现存储和释放电能;而赝电容在双电层电容器的基础上,还能够在电极材料上发生法拉第反应,实现电极和电解质间能量的存储和释放,因此电极材料是影响超级电容器性能的主要因素。常见的超级电容器电极材料有活性炭、碳纳米管、碳纳米纤维、石墨烯等碳材料[6-7]。……

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