骨髓细胞学检查对全血细胞减少性疾病的鉴别诊断意义

2021-09-21 14:16:50金芳王蕊赵云婷刘叶董彩丽
医学食疗与健康 2021年9期

金芳 王蕊 赵云婷 刘叶 董彩丽

【摘要】目的:探讨全血细胞减少性疾病患者中采取骨髓细胞学检查的效果。方法:抽选2018年5月至2019年9月全血细胞减少症患者100例,均采取骨髓细胞学检查。结果:全体患者中,病因为造血系统疾病的患者有70例,其中恶性血液疾病分别为22例再生障碍性贫血、14例急性白血病、10例骨髓增生异常综合征,4例多发性骨髓瘤。全体患者骨髓象特征表现为骨髓增生减低的有40例(Ⅳ级以下),60例骨髓增生活跃(Ⅲ级以上)。骨髓细胞形态异常较多见, 红细胞、粒细胞、巨幼细胞有不同程度的病态造血。病因为非造血系统疾病的患者有30例,骨髓象特征表现为骨髓增生明显活跃或活跃为主的有20例(66.7%),表现为骨髓增生减低的有10例(33.3%),骨髓增生多活跃, 其巨核系多数没有特殊变化,形态多以感染骨髓象为特征。结论:全血细胞减少性疾病患者采取骨髓细胞学检查能够较为准确的查明骨髓形态及增生状况,有着较高的诊断价值。

【关键词】全血细胞减少症;骨髓细胞学检查;鉴别诊断

[中图分类号]R55 [文献标识码]A [文章编号]2096-5249(2021)09-0152-02

Significance of bone marrow cytology in differential diagnosis of pancytopenic diseases

JIN Fang, WANG Rui, ZHAO Yun-ting, LIU Ye, DONG Cai-li (The Seventh Peoples Hospital of Hebei Province, Dingzhou Hebei 073000, China)

[Abstract] Objective: To investigate the effect of bone marrow cytology in patients with pancytopenic diseases. Methods: 100 patients with pancytopenia from May 2018 to September 2019 were selected, and bone marrow cytology examination was taken. Results: there were 70 patients with hematopoietic system diseases, including 22 cases of aplastic anemia, 14 cases of acute leukemia, 10 cases of myelodysplastic syndrome and 4 cases of multiple myeloma. In all patients, 40 cases (below grade IV) showed myelodysplasia and 60 cases (above grade III) showed myelodysplasia. The abnormal morphology of bone marrow cells was more common, red blood cells, granulocytes and megaloblasts had different degrees of pathological hematopoiesis. There were 30 patients with non hematopoietic system diseases. 20 cases (66.7%) showed obvious or active myeloproliferative features, and 10 cases (33.3%) showed decreased myeloproliferative features. Myeloproliferative features were mostly active, and most of the megakaryocytes had no special changes. Conclusion: bone marrow cytology examination in patients with pancytopenic disease can accurately identify the bone marrow morphology and proliferation, which has high diagnostic value.

[Key words] Pancytopenia; Bone marrow cytology examination; Differential diagnosis

在临床医学定义中,如果患者出现外周血红细胞、血小板等血细胞数量减少的情况,可以认定该患者存在全血细胞减少症。该病症的致病原因众多,且大多数表征相似,典型特征不明显,仅凭借临床医学诊断极容易导致误诊或者漏诊的情况出现[1]。根据致病原因分类,全血细胞减少症可以分为由造血系统疾病引发的和非造血系统疾病引发的。……

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