口腔电动抽吸系统对降低诊室生物气溶胶污染的研究

尚临娟 刘晓波 杨琴 何应妹 莫瑾晗

【摘要】目的：研究新型的口腔电动抽吸系统对降低诊室生物气溶胶污染的效果。方法：选取2020年6～12月就诊于本院口腔科行儿童乳磨牙金属预成冠修复患者36例。随机分为A组：使用牙体预备仅使用弱吸引器；B组：使用牙体预备同时使用弱吸引器和橡皮障；C组：使用牙体预备同时使用弱吸引器和口腔电动抽吸系统。分别于治疗前、治疗结束后1.h和3.h测定空气中细菌气溶胶浓度和细菌粒子粒径分布。结果：三组患者进行治疗前诊室空气中细菌气溶胶污染浓度无差异（P>0.05）；治疗后1 h和3 h时，C组诊室空气中细菌气溶胶污染浓度均低于A组和B组（P<0.05）.；C組细菌气溶胶微粒主要在Ⅰ级～Ⅱ级捕获，即直径在4.7 μm以上；而A组和B组细菌气溶胶微粒主要在Ⅲ级～Ⅵ级捕获，即直径在0.65～4.7 μm，差异具有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论：新型口腔电动抽吸系统能显著降低口腔治疗时细菌生物气溶胶的污染，增强相关医务人员和患者的自身防护，值得在临床上广泛推广和应用。

【关键词】口腔电动抽吸系统；生物气溶胶污染；细菌活性粒子；粒径分布

【中图分类号】R78 【文献标识码】A 【文章编号】2096-5249（2021）12-0003-03

Study on reducing bioaerosol pollution in clinic by oral electric suction system

Shang Linjuan，Liu Xiaobo，Yang Qin，He Yingmei，Mo Jinhan

Department of Stomatology， Guangzhou integrated traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Hospital，Guangzhou 510000，China

【Abstract】Objective： To study the effect of a new electric oral suction system on reducing the biological aerosol pollution in clinic. Methods：A total of 36 patients who received metal precrown restoration in the department of stomatology of hospital from June 1， 2020 to December 31， 2020.were randomly divided into group A： only weak aspirator was used for dental preparation； Group B： Dental preparation with weak aspirator and rubber barrier； Group C： The teeth were prepared with a weak aspirator and an electric oral suction system.The number and particle size distribution of bacterial active particles in the air were measured before treatment， 1 hour and 3 hours after treatment.Results： There was no difference in bacterial aerosol pollution concentration in the consulting room before treatment among the three groups （P>0.05）. At 1h and 3h after treatment， the concentration of bacterial aerosol pollution in the hospital room of group C was lower than that of group A and group B （P<0.05）； In group C， bacterial aerosol particles were mainly captured at Ⅰ- frac-size， with a diameter of more than 4.7 μm；However， the bacterial aerosol particles in group A and group B were mainly captured at the Ⅲ -slice level， that is， the diameter was between 0.65～4.7 μm，the difference was statistically significant（P<0.05）.Conclusion：The new electric oral suction system can significantly reduce the bacterial bioaerosol pollution during oral treatment， enhance the self-protection of related medical staff and patients， and is worthy of widespread promotion and application in clinical practice.

【Keywords】oral electric suction system；bioaerosol pollution；Bacterial active particle；Particle size distribution

气溶胶传播是指带有病原体的固体或液体颗粒悬浮在空气中，被空气运载而传播疾病。口腔是一个存在大量微生物的生态环境，而且与呼吸道相通。在口腔治疗过程中，患者的咽反射容易被触发，引起患者咳嗽、呕吐等反应，从而产生飞沫[1]。同时，由于口腔科治疗手段的特殊性，需要使用高速涡轮牙科手机、超声波洁牙机和三用气枪等器械，这些器械在使用过程中可产生大量气溶胶，还混有患者的血液、唾液和菌斑微生物，造成周围空气和物体的污染，增加交叉感染的风险[2]。……