基于“浊毒理论”探讨加味四君子汤对肾病综合征的治疗

2021-09-22 11:28:47陈虹陈敏郑京
中国医药科学 2021年23期

陈虹 陈敏 郑京

[摘要]目的從“浊毒理论”探讨加味四君子汤对肾病综合征的治疗。方法40只 SPF 级大鼠以随机数字表法分为正常组8只、造模组32只。造模组大鼠造模成功后再次随机分为模型组8只、激素组8只、中药组8只、联合组8只。正常组和模型组大鼠以生理盐水灌胃,剂量为20 ml/(kg ·d),激素组大鼠以泼尼松灌胃,剂量为10 mg/(kg ·d);中药组大鼠以中药灌胃,剂量为20 ml/(kg ·d);联合组以中药和泼尼松联合灌胃,剂量分别为20 ml/(kg ·d)和10mg/(kg ·d)。在灌胃第14天、第28天取血备用。用双缩脲比色法测定各组大鼠24 h 尿总蛋白定量;电子显微镜下观察各组大鼠肾脏的病理改变。结果与模型组比较,灌胃第14天、第28天激素组、中药组、联合组24 h 尿蛋白均降低( P <0.05)。灌胃28 d 与灌胃14 d 比较,模型组24 h 尿蛋白升高,激素组、中药组、联合组均降低( P <0.05)。模型组大鼠肾脏组织电镜下表现为足突增宽、足突部分融合或弥漫性融合,足细胞肿胀;而激素组、中药组、联合组电镜下肾小球的病变明显减轻 , 只见足突部分融合。结论加味四君子汤可有效减少蛋白尿,减轻肾小球病变。

[关键词]浊毒理论;加味四君子汤;肾病综合征;蛋白尿

[中图分类号] R285.5  [文献标识码] A   [文章编号]2095-0616(2021)23-0031-04

To explore the treatment of nephrotic syndrome with Modified Sijunzi Decoction based on "turbid poison theory"

CHEN  Hong    CHEN  Min    ZHENG  Jing

General Practice Department, the Affiliated People's Hospital of Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fujian, Fuzhou 350004, China

[Abstract] Objective To explore the treatment of nephrotic syndrome with Modified SijunziSijunzi Decoction from "turbid poison theory". Methods A total of 40 SPF rats were divided into normal group (n=8) and model group (n=32) by random number table. After successful modeling, the rats in the modeling group were again randomly divided into model group (n=8), hormone group (n=8), TCM group (n=8) and combined group (n=8). Normal group and model group were given normal saline intragastric administration at a dose of 20 ml/(kg ·d), while hormone group was given prednisone intragastric administration at a dose of 10 mg/(kg ·d). Chinese medicine groupwas given Chinese medicine intragastric administration at a dose of20 ml/(kg ·d).The combined group was given Chinese medicine and prednisone combined gavage at 20 ml/(kg ·d) and 10 mg/(kg ·d), respectively. Blood was collected on the 14th and 28th day of intragastric administration. Diuret colorimetric method was used to determine the 24 h urine total protein of rats in each group. The pathological changes of kidney were observed under electron microscope. Results Compared with model group, 24 h urinary protein was decreased in hormone group, Chinese medicine group and combined group at 14 d and 28 d (P <0.05). Compared with 14 d after 28 d of gavage, 24 h urine protein was increased in model group, and decreased in hormone group, TCM group and combination group (P <0.05). Under electron microscope, the kidney tissues ofthe model group showed widened foot processes, partial fusion or diffuse fusion of foot processes, and swelling of podoccytes. However, the pathological changes of glomerulus in hormone group, Chinese medicine group and combined group were significantly reduced and only partial fusion offoot process was observed. Conclusion ModihedSijunzi Decoction can effectively reduce proteinuria and glomerular lesions.

[Key words] Turbidity toxicity theory; Modified Sijunzi Decoction; Nephrotic syndrome; Proteinuria

肾病综合征(nephrotic syndrome, NS)的基本特征包括大量蛋白尿,即成年人>3.5 g/d 或将随机尿的尿白蛋白/肌酐>2200 mg/g;低蛋白血症(白蛋白<30 g/L);程度不等的水肿常伴高脂血症。其中前两者为确诊的必备条件。其病理类型复杂,患者预后较差。目前西医学对 NS 治疗方法有对症治疗、激素治疗及使用细胞毒性药物治疗,这些方法虽有一定的疗效,但副作用较大,容易复发。加用中药对症治疗,能够增强疗效,减少西药副作用。阿霉素肾病具有 NS 的主要表现大量蛋白尿。阿霉素通过损伤足细胞骨架、基底膜,造成足细胞肾病蛋白(Nephrin)丢失,通过氧化应激、炎症反应、脂质代谢异常等加速 NS 的进展[1]。通过建立阿霉素肾病大鼠模型,使细胞骨架蛋白及基底膜损伤,足细胞损伤,表现为大量蛋白尿[2]。加味四君子汤在临床广泛应用,具有补益脾肾、益气利水之功。研究发现,加味四君子汤能够有效减少蛋白尿[3],而健脾温肾法在一定程度上能提高免疫活性,增强免疫功能作用[4]。

1资料与方法

1.1一般资料

1.1.1实验动物自上海斯莱克实验动物有限公司购买雄性大鼠40只,SPF 级,6~8周龄,平均体重(200±20)g,大鼠合格证编号: SCXK(浙)2014-0001,由福建中医药大学实验中心鼠类实验室饲养,实验室许可证编号: SYXK(闽)2014-0005。1.1.2中药加味四君子汤是依据国家级名中医李学铭的“加味四君子汤”加减化裁而成,为国家重点专科“水肿”的一大验方[5]。处方由黄芪30 g,山药20 g,薏苡仁20 g,茯苓10 g,党参10 g,当归15 g,丹参15 g,山萸肉10 g,莲肉30 g,白术10 g,金樱子15 g,桑寄生15 g 组成。中药汤剂由我院制剂室加工制作而成。中药汤剂制法:①将冷水没过200 g 中药,浸泡半小时后以大火……

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