高质量CPR联合ECMO成功抢救围术期过敏性休克致心跳骤停患者1例

2021-09-22 19:28:11倪敬美王平
医学食疗与健康 2021年5期

倪敬美 王平

【摘要】过敏性休克严重患者可出现心源性休克、恶性心律失常等严重并发症,进而发生急性心跳骤停,围手术期死亡率较高。浙江大学医学院附属邵逸夫医院麻醉科在手术室内对一名患者进行麻醉诱导后突发心率,血压严重下降,进而发生心跳骤停,手术室内医护迅速进行心肺复苏(CPR),同时积极抗休克、机械通气、器官支持等治疗,并快速建立体外膜肺氧合(ECMO),后恢复心跳,送ICU继续积极治疗后于4天后顺利撤除ECMO及呼吸机,最终救治成功顺利出院,患者无明显并发症。

【关键词】体外膜肺氧合;高质量CPR;麻醉诱导;急性过敏性休克;心跳骤停

[中图分类号]R725.9 [文献标识码]A [文章编号]2096-5249(2021)05-0193-03

High-quality CPR combined with extracorporeal membrane lung oxygenation successfully rescued one patient with cardiac arrest due to anaphylactic shock

NI Jing-mei, WANG Ping (Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Medical College, University Zhejiang 310016, China)

[Abstract] Severe complications such as cardiogenic shock and malignant arrhythmia can occur in patients with severe anaphylactic shock, which can lead to acute cardiac arrest and high perioperative mortality. The Department of Anesthesiology, Shao Yifu Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, performed an anesthesia induction on a patient in the operating room after a sudden heart rate, blood pressure severely decreased, and then a cardiac arrest occurred. The operating room’s medical care quickly performed cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), and actively resisted shock, Mechanical ventilation, organ support and other treatments, and quickly established extracorporeal membrane lung oxygenation (ECMO), and then resumed heartbeat. After ICU was sent to continue active treatment, ECMO and ventilator were successfully removed after 4 days, and the patient was discharged successfully after treatment. complication.

[Key words] extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, high-quality CPR, induction of anesthesia, acute anaphylactic shock, cardiac arrest

過敏反应在临床中较常见,是指已产生免疫的机体再次接受相同抗原刺激时发生的组织损伤或功能紊乱的反应,过敏反应持续加重,超过机体承受能力,则会导致过敏性休克。过敏性休克发病突然、预见性低,严重时可导致急性喉头水肿、气管痉挛、肺泡内出血、非心源性高渗性肺水肿等临床症状,且疾病进展迅速,进而可出现严重呼吸循环衰竭,危及患者生命[1]。

1 研究背景

围手术期过敏反应发在手术前中后期,发病急促,病死率为3%~9%[10],且女性发病率较高,约为男性的2~2.5倍[1]。根据有关数据研究得知,全球范围内,发生围手术期过敏反应的发生率为1/20 000~1/1 250 [2-6],其中IgE介导的过敏反应占40%~70%[2];我国为1.5/1 000[7],造成严重过敏反应的发生率为1.25~5.2/10 000[7-8]。引起围手术期过敏反应的物质繁多,主要有肌松药、抗生素、脂类局麻药、血液制品、鱼精蛋白等[9],这些物质作用于机体,刺激产生过敏反应。……

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