刘建平 张琳 谢立杰 李小平

摘要:西门塔尔牛原产于瑞士,是乳肉兼用品种。受博尔塔拉蒙古自治州干旱半荒漠和荒漠气候及物种种质基本影响,牲畜养殖类动物体型相对较小,产乳量、产肉性能较低。因此,对其品种进行改良是十分重要的措施,有助于全面提升西门塔尔牛基本生产能力。本文对西门塔尔牛品种改良各项情况进行分析,深入探究具体改良成果,为推动兵团及当地畜牧业稳步健康发展提供助力。
关键词:西门塔尔牛;品种改良;新疆;成效
中图分类号:S823.3文献标识码:Bdoi:10.3969/j.issn.2096-3637.2021.24.007
Breed Improvement of Simmental Cattle
LIU Jianping1,ZHANG Lin1,XIE Lijie2,LI Xiaoping2
(l.Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Station of the 5th Division of Xinjiang Corps,Xinjiang 833409,China;2.Agricultural Development Center of the 84th Regiment of the 5th Division,Xinjiang 833405,China)
Abstract:Simmental cattle,which originated in Switzerland,is a variety for both milk and meat. Influenced by arid semi-desert and desert climate and species quality in Bortala Mongolian Autonomous Prefecture,livestock breeding animals are relatively small in size,with low milk yield and meat production performance.Therefore,it is a very important measure to improve the breed of Simmental cattle,which will help to comprehensively improve the basic production capacity of Simmental cattle. This paper analyzes the various conditions of Simmental cattle breed improvement,and deeply explores its specific improvement results,so as to provide assistance for promoting the steady and healthy development of the Corps and the local animal husbandry.
Keywords:simmental cattle,breed improvement,xinjiang,results
0引言
西門塔尔牛原产瑞士,是世界上著名的肉乳兼用牛品种之一,具有产肉性能好、生长速度快的优点,日均增重可达1.35~1.45 kg;产乳量高,平均产奶量为4 070 kg,乳脂率3.9%;屠宰率高,公牛育肥后可达65%左右,胴体肉多,脂肪少且分布均匀,肉质优良;适应性强,耐粗放管理,是乳、肉、役兼用的大型优良品种[1]。为进一步提高西门塔尔牛生长速度、肉用性能和经济效益,将其与本地黄牛进行杂交改良,改良后的品种同时具备父本和母本的优点和性能。
1试验研究
1.1材料选取
西门塔尔牛应选择生长发育正常、整体健壮且不存在任何生殖系统疾病、传染性疾病的3~5岁的能繁母牛。研究设计2个组,分别为试验组和对照组,试验组选用本地优质公牛细管冻精与西门塔尔母牛进行人工授精作业,对照组选择西门塔尔牛进行自然交配。试验对照组和试验组均由专人进行管理,夏秋季节以放牧为主,冬春采用放牧+精饲料补充喂养的模式。……