生猪养殖中消化道疾病诊断与防治

田宗民 王冠玉 王巍 那仁满都拉 贾长生 王志刚 陈文山

摘要：消化道疾病的发生率呈现逐渐升高的态势，该类疾病的发生不利于生猪的健康和生长发育。防疫存在漏洞、饲养环境及卫生条件差、饲料价值不均衡、营养物质供给不足、饲养管理不当等因素造成生猪体质、免疫力下降，致病菌或病毒便趁虚而入，引发消化道疾病。由于生猪消化道疾病的发病原因十分复杂，临床上诊断难度相对较大。如果没有明确致病病因就盲目采取措施进行防治，势必会造成防治失败，也会因为药物使用不当，造成病原的耐药性显著增强，疾病的防控效果逐渐变差。该文主要论述生猪养殖期间消化道疾病的防治措施。

关键词：生猪养殖业;消化道疾病;防治

中图分类号：S858.28文献标识码：Bdoi：10.3969/j.issn.2096-3637.2021.24.018

Diagnosis and Control of Digestive Tract Diseases in Pig Breeding

TIAN Zongmin，WANG Guanyu，WANG Wei，NA Renmandula，JIA Changsheng，WANG Zhigang，CHEN Wenshan

（Animal Disease Prevention and Control Center of Hulunbuir，Inner Mongolia 021008，China）

Abstract：The incidence of digestive tract diseases is increasing gradually. The occurrence of these diseases is unfavorable to the health and growth of pigs. There are loopholes in epidemic prevention，poor feeding environment and sanitary conditions，unbalanced feed value，insufficient supply of nutrients，improper feeding management and other factors，resulting in the decline of health and immunity of live pigs，and the introduction of pathogenic bacteria or viruses，causing digestive problems. Because of the complicated causes of digestive tract diseases in pigs，it is difficult to diagnose them clinically. If we take measures to prevent and control the disease blindly without clear cause of disease，it will cause the failure of prevention and control，and cause the drug resistance of the pathogen to increase obviously，and the effect of prevention and control of the disease will become worse gradually. This paper mainly discusses the prevention and cure measures of digestive tract diseases during pig breeding.

Keywords：pig breeding industry，digestive tract，disease，prevention and treatment

0引言

消化道疾病是生豬养殖期间发生流行率极高的一类疾病，细菌、病毒、寄生虫的感染及微量元素缺乏等都可以造成该种疾病的发生和流行。消化道疾病发生后，会显著降低猪群的生产性能，猪群表现为生长发育不良，养殖周期变长，饲料利用率显著下降，限制养殖场（户）经济效益的提升。为了更好地防控消化道疾病，需要明确疾病发生的原因，从引发疾病的病因入手，构建综合性的防控方案，确保在短时间内能够控制病情。

1发病原因

猪消化道疾病是一种常见的病因复杂的疾病，通常是由感染性因素和非感染性因素混合引发。感染因素主要包括细菌、病毒、寄生虫感染，常见的引起消化道疾病的细菌主要包括致病性大肠杆菌、痢疾密螺旋体、魏氏梭菌、沙门氏菌、小肠结肠炎叶氏菌、弯曲杆菌等。……