牛黑斑病红苕中毒中医药防治

秦儒

摘要：红苕又被称为甘薯、红薯、山芋、地瓜，营养价值丰富，是牛羊等牲畜重要的块根类多汁类饲料。甘薯在收获和储存过程中，如果没有做好针对性的储藏工作，在表面很容易寄生大量的真菌。甘薯黑斑就是真菌性的病害，真菌寄生在红苕的表皮组织中，造成甘薯局部干硬，表面存在黄褐色或者黑褐色的斑块，味道发苦。牛采食了大量患有黑斑病的红苕时，会出现不同程度的中毒现象，患病牛主要表现为严重的呼吸系统疾病，呼吸急促，不断的气喘，皮下存在气肿。该类疾病被称为喘气病或者喷气病，病情严重的牛会因为窒息死亡。该文主要论述牛黑斑病红苕中毒的中医药防治措施。

关键词：牛红苕黑斑病中毒;诊断;中医药;防治

中图分类号：S858.23文献标识码：Bdoi：10.3969/j.issn.2096-3637.2021.24.022

Prevention and Treatment of Cattle Black Spot Sweet Potato Poisoning with Traditional Chinese Medicine

QIN Ru

（Animal Disease Control Center of Ijinhoro Banner，Ordos Inner Mongolia 017200，China）

Abstract：Sweet potato is rich in nutritional value and is an important root and succulent feed for cattle，sheep and other livestock. During the harvesting and storage process of sweet potatoes，if the targeted storage work is not done，a large number of fungi can easily be parasitized on the surface. The black spot of sweet potato is a fungal disease.The fungus parasitizes in the epidermis of sweet potato，causing the sweet potato to be dry and hard locally，with yellow-brown or dark-brown patches on the surface，and a bitter taste.When cattle ingest a large amount of sweet potato with black spot disease，there will be different degrees of poisoning. The diseased cattle mainly manifests as severe respiratory system disease，shortness of breath，constant asthma，and subcutaneous emphysema .This type of disease is called wheezing or jetting disease. In severe cases，the cattle will die from asphyxiation. Based on the actual incidence cases，this paper discusses the prevention and treatment of bovine black spot disease and sweet potato poisoning with traditional Chinese medicine，hoping that the research results will be helpful to the majority of colleagues.

Keywords：cattle black spot sweet potato poisoning，diagnosis，traditional Chinese medicine，prevention and treatment

0引言

红苕黑斑病是真菌性病害，真菌主要寄生在甘薯的表层，使得甘薯的局部发硬发干，并且在表面会产生很多黑黄色或者黑色的斑块，味道发苦。当牛采食患有黑斑病的红苕之后会引发中毒现象，并且该种疾病发生流行具有一定的季节性，往往在每年10月到第2年5月逐渐高发，其中以2—3月发生流行率最高。要求养殖管理人员提高重视程度，加强对牛红苕黑斑病中毒的认知，尤其是在该类疾病发生流行的高峰期，一定要严格控制红苕的投喂量，并注重做好表皮的清理工作，有效预防中毒症状的出现。当出现临床症状之后，应该第一时间隔离，及时采取措施进行诊断和治疗。……