韦钱
摘要:随着畜禽饲养规模化发展,动物疫病问题成为困扰养殖户的一大难关,为了更好地防控动物疫病,在畜禽养殖过程中普遍使用疫苗进行免疫接种。但是在免疫接种后,由于各种原因致使抗体水平不尽人意,免疫效果低下,甚至造成免疫失败。为此必须正确掌握影响免疫接种效果的因素,在免疫接种前后加强管理和操作,做好各种疫病的防控工作。该文主要论述影响畜禽免疫接种效果的因素及防控措施。
关键词:疫苗;免疫接种;因素;抗体
中图分类号:S852.52文献标识码:Bdoi:10.3969/j.issn.2096-3637.2021.22.058
Factors Affecting the Effect of Vaccination on Livestock and Poultry and Prevention and Control Measures
WEI Qian
(Animal Disease Prevention and Control Center of Du'an County,Du'an Guangxi 530700,China)
Abstract:With the large-scale development of livestock and poultry breeding,animal disease has become a difficult problem to farmers. In order to prevent and control animal disease,vaccination is widely used in livestock and poultry breeding. But after immunization,the level of antibody is not satisfactory,the immune effect is low,and even result in immune failure. Therefore,it is necessary to master the factors influencing the effect of immunization,strengthen the management and operation before and after immunization,and do a good job in the prevention and control of various epidemic diseases. This paper mainly discusses the factors affecting the effect of vaccination and the prevention and control measures.
Keywords:vaccine,immunization,factor,antibody
0引言
在實际生产中,影响畜禽免疫接种效果的因素比较复杂,根据实际经验进行详细分析,大多是由于疫苗运输,储存或使用不当,操作不规范,感染疫病,环境条件恶劣,营养不平衡,自身健康状况等因素引起的。下面分别进行介绍,随后提出相应的防控措施,以期养殖户引起重视。
1影响疫苗免疫接种效果的因素
1.1疫苗运输、储存或使用不当
疫苗中的有效抗原含量直接决定着机体产生抗体水平的高低,如果抗原含量较低时,就无法获取理想的免疫效果,致使畜禽更易感染疫病。
在疫苗运输途中,如果未使用专门运输车辆或保温设施,引起温度过高或过低;同样在疫苗储存期间没有按照疫苗要求温度来保管,或者储存时间超过有效期;在疫苗接种前稀释不当等,都会导致疫苗抗原降低。有的为了节省人力或物力,将2种或2种以上的疫苗混合接种免疫,这些疫苗的抗原也会受到影响,进而影响免疫接种效果。……