农村散养家禽防疫存在的误区与对策

张学英

摘要：散养养殖模式下，农户的养殖数量相对较少，养殖数量主要在几只到几十只。在发展散养家禽养殖中，很多养殖户不能掌握先进的养殖管理知识，尤其是家禽疫病防控认知不足，由于采用放养养殖模式，家禽在户外活动过程中接触各种病原的几率增加，给疾病的传播流行提供条件。从散养养殖产业发展情况分析，农村地区大多养殖场并没有做好认真细致的防疫工作，易造成传染性疾病的传播流行，某些重大传染性疾病爆发流行后，甚至会对地区的家禽养殖业构成毁灭性打击，带来严重的经济损失。该文主要论述农村散养家禽防疫存在的误区与对策。

关键词：农村散养家禽;防疫误区;防疫对策

中图分类号：S851.33文献标识码：Bdoi：10.3969/j.issn.2096-3637.2021.23.055

Misunderstanding and Countermeasures of Epidemic Prevention of Free-range Poultry in Rural Areas

ZHANG Xueying

（Comprehensive Service Center Henan Sub-district，Jiahe City，Jiahe Jilin 132500，China）

Abstract：Under the model of free-range breeding，the number of farmers breeding is relatively small，the number of breeding mainly in a few to dozens. In the development of free-range poultry farming，many farmers can not master the advanced knowledge of breeding management，especially the lack of awareness of prevention and control of poultry diseases，due to the adoption of free-range poultry farming，the increased exposure of poultry to various pathogens during outdoor activities provides conditions for the spread of the disease. Based on the analysis of the development of the free range aquaculture industry，most of the farms in rural areas have not done a good job in the prevention of epidemic diseases，which is likely to cause the spread and spread of infectious disease，and after some major infectious disease outbreaks，even the poultry industry in the region would be a devastating blow，bringing serious economic losses. This paper mainly discusses the misunderstandings and countermeasures of epidemic prevention of free-range poultry in rural areas.

Keywords：free-range poultry in rural areas，erroneous zone of epidemic prevention，epidemic prevention countermeasures

0引言

農村散养家禽是将家禽动物放置在一定环境中，等到适合的时机，将家禽或者家禽所产生的各种产品运输到市场中售卖。散养家禽的本质目的是能更好地增加养殖户的经济收入。从散养家禽的养殖现状分析，养殖规模相对较小，养殖数量较少是最主要的特征。疫病高发疫病防控能力较差是最主要的缺陷。基层地区的很多农民群众在发展散养家禽养殖产业中都没有掌握专业化的防疫知识，养殖管理中并没有落实严格的疫病防控体制，再加上家禽一直处于放养养殖的环境中，易与外界的多种传播媒介相互接触，加重疫情的传播蔓延。当出现传染性疾病后，养殖户不知道该采取哪些措施进行有效的抢救和补救，给基层地区的农户带来一定的经济损失。……