航空发动机气密性设计和验证

2021-10-09 13:49:07王秋阳黄正斌孟祥海
内燃机与配件 2021年19期

王秋阳 黄正斌 孟祥海

摘要: 泄漏对航空发动机性能、安全和寿命均有重要影响,但目前国内军标、航标等仍尚未建立航空发动机气密性检查的评定方法和试验规范。本文从商用发动机研制需求出发,制定了一套涵盖设计、装配和试验整个研制阶段的发动机气密性设计与验证思路:主动策划典型结构泄漏特性研究、并进行结构优化;策划发动机多层级的打压试验、提前识别泄漏风险;建立发动机泄漏影响分析方法和评估模型;利用打压方案支撑进行试验过程中的漏油问题排故等。构建气密性设计、仿真、试验耦合的多学科研究体系,以支撐发动机运转试验,为提高发动机性能、可靠性和安全性奠定技术基础。

Abstract: Leakage has an important impact on the performance, safety and service life of aero-engine. However, the evaluation method and test specification for air tightness inspection of aero-engine have not been established in domestic military standard and navigation standard. Based on the requirements of commercial engine development, a set of ideas of engine air tightness design and verification covering the whole development stage of design, assembly and test is formulated in this paper: actively planning the research on leakage characteristics of typical structure and optimizing the structure; Plan multi-level pressure test of engine and identify leakage risk in advance; The analysis method and evaluation model of engine leakage impact are established; Using the pressure scheme to support the oil leakage problem in the test process. The multidisciplinary research system of air tightness design, simulation and test coupling is constructed to support engine running test and lay the technical foundation for improving engine performance, reliability and safety.

关键词: 泄漏;气密性设计;多层级打压

Key words: leak;air tightness design;multi level pressure

中图分类号:V231.96                                      文献标识码:A                                  文章编号:1674-957X(2021)19-0001-03

0  引言

发动机运转过程中,由于内流与外流存在较大的压力差,在机匣安装边、测量传感器安装座、几何可调机构等处不可避免地会存在漏气现象,大涵道比涡扇发动机高压压气机末级每1%的漏气会使推力降低1.1%,高压涡轮进口温度升高约12K。过量的、非正常漏气对发动机性能、可靠性和安全性等会产生较大影响。发动机内非设计的气体泄漏将直接导致发动机工作效率下降,整机推力降低,甚至引起压气机失速/喘振等损坏发动机的恶劣故障;高温气体泄漏还可能产生倒灌入低温部件或发动机核心舱中,烧蚀低温部件而影响发动机寿命,甚至引起火灾,后果不堪设想。……

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